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Histology: Winter Quarter > Histology of Salivary Glands: Week 1 > Flashcards

Histology of Salivary Glands: Week 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • protection
  • buffering
  • pellicle formation
  • maintenance of tooth integrity
  • antimicrobial action
  • tissue repair
  • digestion
  • taste
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2
Q

___gland: largest of major salivary glands
associated with facial nerve
duct opens opposite __ molar
innervated by __nerves traveling with CN (Cranial Nerve) __ –>
otic ganglion –> ___ nerve

A

Parotid, 2nd maxillary, parasympathetic , IX, auriculotemporal

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3
Q

___ gland: located in ___ floor of mouth
duct opens into mouth via ___ ___
innervation: parasympathetic nerves running with ___ via chorda
tympani –> lingual nerve –> ____ ganglion –>
postganglionic nn

A

Submandibular, posterior, sublingual caruncle, VII (CN), submandibular

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4
Q

___ gland: smallest of major salivary glands
located in floor of mouth ___to tongue
open into floor of mouth via many small ducts, and at ___ ___
innervation: same as submandibular glands

A

Sublingual, lateral, sublingual
caruncle, VII (CN)

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5
Q

Minor salivary glands are found throughout entire oral mucosa except…?

A

Anterior palate and gingiva

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6
Q

There are ___ minor salivary glands in number and they are mostly ___, however von Ebner’s glands on tongue are pure ___

A

600-1000, mucous, serous

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7
Q

Development of salivary glands

Salivary glands arise from __ and grow into surrounding __and remain connected to __ by cords of epithelial cells. Mesenchymal cells condense around __, branching morphogenesis.

A

oral epithelium, ectomesenchyme, surface epithelium, gland bud

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8
Q

Development of salivary glands

*lumen appears in __ cord and branch cords,
then in __ cord, and then in __ of
main cord
*two layers of cells:
* inner layer differentiates into __
* outer layer differentiates into __,
__ and __

A

distal, proximal, center, secretory cells, myoepithelial cells, capsule, septa

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9
Q

secretory end pieces resembling cluster of grapes (each grape made up of a group of 8-10 cells) and secrete __ __ into common lumen

A

Acini (acinus sing.), primary saliva

acinus means “berry”

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10
Q

Stroma is made up of __ and __

Lobe is made up of __

Parenchyma is made up of __ __

A

septum and capsule
lobules
secretory acini (parenchyma is cluster made up of individual acinus)

*acinus = secretory portion; @ apex of acini are secretory vesicles
*duct = conducting portion

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11
Q

Serous cells produce fluid rich in __ and __

A

proteins, glycoproteins

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12
Q

Serous acini are __; cells are __-shaped, nuclei are __ and __ located, secretory granules are located apically (contain macromolecules).

What organelles are located in the basal part of the cell?

A

spherical, pyramid, spherical, basally

organelles: rER, Golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes, etc., located in
basal part of cell

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13
Q

Membrane modifications of serous cells are:

A

short microvilli
* lateral interdigitations
* basal infolding
* junctional complexes, hemidesmosomes, gap junctions
* intercellular canaliculi are finger-like projections of lumen
between adjacent cells – increase lumen surface are

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14
Q

Mucous cells produce __ that are rich in __

A

mucins, glycoproteins

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15
Q

Mucus produced by mucous cells functions by…

A
  1. lubricating and forming a surface barrier
  2. binding and aggregating microorganisms
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16
Q

Mucous cells secretory and end pieces are __, and mucous acini sometimes associate with __ demilunes.

A

tubular, serous

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17
Q

__ part of cell contains large quantities of mucins
* __, __ compressed against basal membrane
* in routine H&E, cells appear empty; special stains
reveal mucous content
* cells joined by junctional complexes
* cells lack intercellular __

A

apical, nucleus, rER compressed, canaliculi

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18
Q

Myoepithelial cells: contractile - similar to smooth muscle, but derived
from __ rather than mesenchyme

A

epithelium

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19
Q

myoepithelial cells surround __ and __ __

A

acini, intercalated ducts

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20
Q

myoepithelial cells are located between __ __ and __ __ or ducts- attached by hemidesmosomes

A

Basal lamina, secretory cells

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21
Q

myoepithelial cells have multiple processes containing actin and myosin,
with __

Study These Flashcards
A

actin, caveolae

22
Q

What’s the role of myoepithelial cells?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • support secretory cells – help expel primary saliva
  • help maintain duct patency (openness; lack of obstruction)
23
Q

Intercalalted ducts…

Study These Flashcards
A
  • receive primary saliva from secretory cells
  • add lysozyme and lactoferrin to saliva
24
Q

Intercalated ducts…

Study These Flashcards
A
  • begin within the acini
  • lined by simple squamous/cuboidal epithelial cells, features: (central nuclei, rER, Golgi, secretory granules, apical microvilli, junctional complexes, desmosomes, gap
    junctions, interdigitating lateral membranes    )
  • surrounded by myoepithelial cells
25
Striated ducts
* receive primary saliva from intercalated ducts * form major portion of duct system
26
Striated ducts are made up of columnar cells, their features are...
centrally located nucleus, acidophilic cytoplasm * basal striations = mitochondria + membrane infoldings * surrounded by basal lamina and capillary plexus * contain secretory granules, lysosomes, peroxisomes, glycogen * tight junctions, junctional complexes; no gap junctions
27
Excretory ducts
located in CT septa between lobules
28
excretory ducts have what cell type?
* pseudostratified to stratified epithelium, attached to basal lamina by hemidesmosomes
29
Other cells found in excretory ducts
tuft cells with long stiff microvilli and apical vesicles –might be receptor cells: associated with nerve endings * lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells – found in base of duct epithelium ## Footnote slide 36 for image
30
What are the connective tissue components of salivary glands?
* capsule * septa * divide gland into lobes and lobules * transmit blood vessels, nerves and excretory ducts * fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, plasma cells (IgA), adipose cells, some granulocytes and lymphocytes * collagen and elastic fibers
31
Nerve supply of salivary glands: parasympathetics
* preganglionics * from superior and inferior salivatory nuclei * run with VII and IX
32
Nerve supply of salivary glands: parasympathetics
* postganglionics * synapse in submandibular or otic ganglion * run with lingual or auriculotemporal nerve ## Footnote slide 39
33
Nerve supply of salivary glands: sympathetics
* follow vessels * modulate secretion by controlling blood flow to glands
34
Nerve supply of salivary glands: neurotransmitters
* acetylcholine and norepinephrine * substance P and VIP: * induce secretion, modulate effects of acetylcholine and norepinephrine, might affect blood flow * neuropeptide Y and CGRP * regulate blood flow
35
Blood supply of salivary glands
*blood is source of fluid and electrolytes *arterioles -> capillary networks *blood flow to glands increases during secretion *increased pressure in capillaries and venules causes increased production of saliva
36
Acinus type in parotid gland
* said to be pure serous * some fat cells present between acini * numerous, long intercalated ducts * numerous striated ducts
37
Acinus type in submandibular glands
*mixed acini, mostly serous * intercalated and striated ducts less numerous than in parotids ## Footnote slide 45
38
Acinus type in sublingual gland
* mixed, predominately mucous * ducts short and difficult to see ## Footnote slide 45
39
Acinus type in minor salivary glands
* mostly mucous, short ducts * secretions rich in mucins, antibacterial proteins, immunoglobulins ## Footnote von Ebner’s glands * located on tongue, associated with circumvallate papillae * secrete enzymes and proteins thought to play a role in taste slide 47 & 48
40
How is saliva formed?
production & secretion of primary saliva by acinar cells *primary saliva is isotonic with blood
41
the macromolecular components of 1o saliva are: produced by rER
* chaperone proteins ensure proper folding * posttranslational modifications occur in cisternae * proteins are transferred to Golgi in vesicles
42
What happens to the macromolecular components of primary saliva after it is produced?
* modified, condensed and packaged by Golgi * stored in secretory granules in apical part of cell * under stimulus, they fuse with the apical membrane * contents are released to the lumen by exocytosis
43
Where do the fluid and elcetrolyte portions of primary saliva come from ?
Blood
44
When forming primary saliva what kind of innervation is water secretion regulated by?
parasympathetic
45
Saliva is modified by what type of cell and by what mechanisms? What regulates those mechanisms?
**Duct cells ** * transporters cause reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- * K+ and HCO3- are secreted * **regulation** of these actions by * autonomic nerves * mineralocorticoids
46
Effects of age on saliva glands are...
* loss of salivary gland parenchymal tissue; replaced by adipose tissue * reduced saliva production
47
Effect of disease on saliva glands
some viruses infect and replicate within salivary gland cells: * cytomegalovirus * Epstein-Barr virus * herpes viruses 6 & 7 * mumps some bacterial infections cause inflammation and swelling of salivary glands
48
Effect of disease on saliva glands cont'd pt. 1
ducts can be obstructed by: * sialoliths (salivary stones, calculi) * mucus plugs * trauma to the ducts various tumors can affect the glands * pleomorphic adenoma * Warthin’s tumor * etc.
49
Effect of disease on saliva glands cont'd pt. 2
other diseases can affect salivary gland function: * diabetes * Sjögren syndrome * rheumatoid arthritis * adrenal disease * AIDS
50
Age and disease can drastically effect the salivary glands, which can result in xerostomia...
dry mouth * due to loss of salivary function or reduction of saliva volume
51
xerostomia can be a result (side-effect) of the following:
* medication * radiation therapy * chemotherapy * autoimmune disease
52
Xerostomia results in...
* dryness of mouth * loss of protective effects of salivary buffers, proteins and mucins * oral tissues becoming more susceptible to infections * speech, eating and swallowing to become difficult * teeth become more susceptible to caries

Histology: Winter Quarter (3 decks)

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