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anatomy > Histology of the female reproductive system > Flashcards

Histology of the female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Outer covering of ovaries

A

Simple cuboidal

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2
Q

Surface epithelium

A

Outer covering of the ovaries

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3
Q

Inner covering of the ovaries

A

Dense connective

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4
Q

Where are most ovarian follicles found

A

Cortex

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5
Q

When is the Oogonia formed

A

1st month of embryonic life

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6
Q

How many Oogonias do we have by the end of 2nd month

A

6000000

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7
Q

After the 2nd month the number of oogonia is determined by three ongoing activities

A

Continued mitosis
The onset of meiosis.
An apoptotic process

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8
Q

Oogonia peak number

A

7 million

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9
Q

When does oogonia peak in number

A

Fifth month

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10
Q

Primary Oocytes stuck at what phase till puberty

A

Prophase of first meiotic division

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11
Q

Ovarian reserve

A

Number of oocytes at birth

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12
Q

Number of oocytes at birth

A

2-2.5 million

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13
Q

Number of oocytes at puberty

A

400000-450000

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14
Q

Organelle in primary Ooctyt

A

Mitochondria, Golgi complex & extensive RER

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15
Q

blood-follicle barrier.

A

Primary follicle basal Latina

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16
Q

How does FSH select the follicle

A

FSH receptors, aromarase activity & estrogen synthesis

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17
Q

Unilaminar primary follicle lining

A

Simple cuboidal

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18
Q

When does the multilaminar primary follicle happen

A

When follicular cells become granolas

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19
Q

Zone pellucid

A

Between granulosa & oocyte, contain glycoproteins, zp3 & zp4

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20
Q

the blood ovary barrier.

A

Basement membrane between stromal & granolas

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21
Q

What does these interna secret

A

Androstenedione

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22
Q

Aromarase function

A

Convert androstenedione to estradiol

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23
Q

When is granolas secret follicular fluid

A

Menstertion

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24
Q

When does secondary follicular develope

A

The the antrum enlarges & unite

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25
Q

corona radiate

A

The granolas that envelopes the oocyte when the antrum developed

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26
Q

cumulus oophorus

A

The granolas that protrudes into the antrum when it develops

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27
Q

The antrum contain

A

GAG hyaluronic acid, growth factors, plasminogen, fibrinogen, the anticoagulant heparan sulfate proteoglycan & steroids with binding proteins

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28
Q

When does the mature tertiary develop

A

When the antrum expands to 2 cm

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29
Q

The granules layer become ______ at the last follicular stage

A

Thinner

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30
Q

Atresia involves

A

detachment of the apoptotic granulosa cells, autolysis of the oocyte, and collapse of the zona pellucida, then macrophages invade the degenerating follicle and phagocytose the apoptotic material and other debris.

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31
Q

when does ovulation occure during the menstrual cycle

A

midway, day 14

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32
Q

stigma

A

the ischemic area in the tunica albuginea cause of the oocyte comparssion

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33
Q

when does the oocyte completes the first meiotic division

A

Just before ovulation

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34
Q

primary oocyte chromosomes

A

46

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35
Q

secondary oocyte chromosomes

A

23

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36
Q

after expulsion of the first polar body where does the secondary oocyte arrest

A

metaphase of secondary division

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37
Q

corpus luteum

A

collapse of theca interna and granulosa

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38
Q

events are induced by LH and happens before ovulation:

A

Meiosis I is completed
Granulosa cells produce follicular fluid
The ovarian wall at the stigma weaken
Smooth muscle contractions begin in the theca externa, leading to the rupture of the ovarian surface at the stigma, preparing for ovulation.

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39
Q

how long does the corpose letum keep secreting progesteron without fertilization before it regressing

A

10-12 days

40
Q

what have negative feedback with inhibin in this stage

A

estrogen secreted by corpus letum, inhibits FSH

41
Q

what maintains and promotes the corpus luteum if fertilization occure

A

HCG

42
Q

what occure if the corpus luteum degenerat after fertilization and complete menstruation

A

embryo death

43
Q

about 80% of the corpus luteum

A

Granulosa cells

44
Q

LH effect on Granulosa cells

A

increase in size and become granulosa lutein cells, lose many features of protein- secreting cells to expand their role in conversing androstenedione into estradiol

45
Q

20% of the corpus luteum.

A

theca interna

46
Q

where are theca lutein cells found

A

aggregated in the folds of the wall of the corpus luteum

47
Q

LH effect on theca lutein cells

A

produce large amounts of progesterone as well as androstenedione.

48
Q

remnants from the regressing corpus luteum

A

corpus albicans.

49
Q

The wall of the oviduct consists of:

A
  1. A folded mucosa.
  2. A thick, well-defined muscularis with interwoven circular (or spiral) and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle.
  3. A thin serosa covered by visceral peritoneum with mesothelium.
50
Q

Uterine tube mucosa lining

A

Simple columnar epithelium

51
Q

which cells secrete glycoproteins of a nutritive mucus film that covers the epithelium

A

Preg of uterine tube mucosa

52
Q

Longitudinal folds of the mucosa are most prominent in the ______ and get smaller close to ______ & abscent in ______

A

Ampulla, uterus, intramural

53
Q

fringed infundibulum lies very close to the ovary and the fimbriae partially surround that organ

A

Favors the transport of the ovulated secondary oocyte into the tube, and thus promoted by sweeping muscular contractions of the fimbriae and ciliary activity,

54
Q

Uterus mucosa is similar to ____

A

Uterine tube mucosa

55
Q

Uterus mucosa consist of

A

Basal layer & superficial functional layer

56
Q

Type of collagen in the stroma of endometrium

A

3

57
Q

The thickest tunic of the uterus

A

Myometrium

58
Q

Fibers in the mysmetrium separated by

A

Connective tissue containing venous plexuses & lymphatics

59
Q

Hypertrophy of uterine tube mucosa happen during

A

Menstrual cycle

60
Q

Hypertrophy & hyperplasia in uterus mysmetrium happens during what

A

Pregnancy

61
Q

What happens during pregnancy to myometrium

A

Hyperplasia, hypertrophy & increased collagen which strengthen uterine wall

62
Q

Mysmetrium during parturition

A

Contracts

63
Q

Which layer of mucosa remains intact during menstrual cycle

A

Basal layer

64
Q

Which arteries supply basal endometrium layer

A

Straight

65
Q

From where do arcuate arteries Arise

A

Middle layers of mysmetrium

66
Q

arcuate arteries branches

A

Straight & spiral

67
Q

The average duration of the menstrual cycle

A

28 days

68
Q

When does menstrual phase start

A

When corpus lute regress

69
Q

Events in menstrual phase

A

spasms in small spiral arteries, prostaglandin synthesis, arterial constriction, hypoxia, cytokine release, increased vascular permeability, and leukocyte immigration

70
Q

Proliferative phase another name

A

Estrogen phase

71
Q

The marked event for the proliferative phase

A

Rapid growth of ovarian follicles

72
Q

Which uterine cycle phases parallel to which follicular growin phases

A

Menstrual & Proliferative phases of uterine cycle happen at the same time as the follicular pre ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle.

73
Q

When does the regenration of lost functional layer occurs

A

Proliferative phase

74
Q

Mitotic activities occurs among what in proliferative phase

A

Epithelial cells, fibroblasts & spiral arteries lengthen

75
Q

When does the secretary phase state

A

After ovulation

76
Q

How is the secretary phase stimulated

A

Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum

77
Q

What does progesterone stimulate in secretary phase

A

Epithelial cells secretion of glycogen, glandular lumen dilation & coiling of glands

78
Q

Endometrium maximum thickness

A

5mm, during secretary phase

79
Q

What uterine cycle phase happen parallel to which ovarian cycle phase

A

The secretary with the lute post ovulation

80
Q

Cervix mucosa divided to

A

Endocervix & exocervical

81
Q

Endoservix lining

A

Simple columnar

82
Q

Exocervix lining

A

Non keratinized Stratified squamous

83
Q

How many spiral arteries in cervix mucosa

A

Zero

84
Q

Cervical mucosa at ovulation

A

Secretion is abundant & watery to facilitate sperm moving

85
Q

Cervical mucosa at luteal phase

A

Viscous for the passage of sperm

86
Q

Cervical mucosa at pregnancy

A

Highly viscous to form a plug in cervical canal

87
Q

Cervical mucosa before parturition

A

Cervical effacement, collage removal to soften the cervix, dilate the cervical canal

88
Q

Vagina contain

A

Mucosa, muscular layer & an adventitia (lack glands)

89
Q

Vagina mucosa lining

A

Stratified squamous

90
Q

Estrogen stimulate vagina mucosa to

A

Synthesize & accumulate glycogen

91
Q

Lubricating mucus is provided to the vagina by

A

Cervical glands & vaginal vestibule

92
Q

Vagina muscles

A

Two layers, outer longitudinal & inner circular

93
Q

External female genitalia lining

A

Stratified squamous

94
Q

External female genitalia

A

Vestibule, labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, vaginal opening & bartholin glands

95
Q

Breast after puberty

A

Ducts longer

96
Q

How many lobes in female breast

A

15 - 20

97
Q

Breast lining

A

Inner stratified cuboidal & simple cuboidal at terminal ends

anatomy (3 decks)

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