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Cardio > Histology Review > Flashcards

Histology Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is purulent pericarditis associated with?

A

infection

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2
Q

What is hemorrhagic pericarditis associated with?

A

trauma, infections such as TB / malignancy

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3
Q

What form of pericarditis is normally associated with uremia?

A

fibrinous pericarditis

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4
Q

Post-MI pericarditis is?

A

fibrinous pericarditis

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5
Q

What are Anitschkow cells and Aschoff bodies associated with?

A

rheumatic myocarditis

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6
Q

What histological finding is associated with transmural infarction?

A

dense fibrous tissue without inflammation

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7
Q

What causes eosinophilic myocarditis?

A

Drug reactions or infections like Chaga’s disease

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8
Q

What is acute bacterial endocarditis associated with?

A

systemic signs of infection

fever, chills, positive blood culture

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9
Q

Where do valvular vegetations localize in acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

“low flow” sides of valve

side before the valve (ex: MV develops vegetations on atrial side)

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10
Q

Marantic endocarditis is associated with

A

malignancy

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11
Q

Does MVP normally have vegetations?

A

no

just associated with myomatous degeneration of valve

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12
Q

What causes MVP?

A

myxomatous degeneration of valve

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13
Q

Mönckebergmedial calcific sclerosis

A

occurs in muscular media

doesn’t impinge on lumen

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14
Q

Cystic medial degeneration looks like …

A

lots of wavy lines on histology

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15
Q

What can cystic medial degeneration lead to?

A

thoracic / ascending aortic aneurysm

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16
Q

What causes descending aortic aneurysms?

A

atherosclerosis

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17
Q

What are 2 forms of arteriosclerosis ?

A

Hyaline

Hyperplastic

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18
Q

Hyaline arteriosclerosis looks like …

A

pink around the vessel (looks like pretty controlled ring)

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19
Q

What is the etiology of Hylaine arteriosclerosis?

A

HTN (mostly)

also DM

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20
Q

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis looks like…

A

onion-skinning swirls

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21
Q

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis is mostly caused by

A

HTN emergency

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22
Q

What can you see with coagulative necrosis post-MI?

A

dark pink contraction bands

also known as contractile band necrosis

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23
Q

When does coagulative necrosis occur post-MI?

A

about a day

24
Q

What will granulation tissue look like on histology? When does it occur?

A

will have more blood

occurs around 10-14 days

25
Q

What will scar look like on histology? When does it occur?

A

blue collagen on trichrome stain

occurs after 2 months

26
Q

Myocin binding protein defect points you to

A

HCM

27
Q

What does HCM look like on histology

A

lots of myocyte disarray / disorganization

28
Q

Does HCM have impaired EF?

A

no

it is a diastolic heart failure

29
Q

What does dilated CM look like on histology?

A

myocytes are still pretty organized

there is intracellular fibrous

30
Q

Arrhythmogenic Right ventricular CM looks like …

A

fat replacing myocytes! see white fat on histology!

31
Q

How does amyloidosis look on histology?

A

Apple-green birefrigence with Congo red stain

32
Q

What is most common cause of myocarditis in the US? What does it look like on histology?

A

Viral myocarditis normally due to Coxsackie virus

Lymphocytes in myocardium

33
Q

How many lobes does an eosinophil have?

A

2

34
Q

If you see long nuclei that look like catepillars what should you be thinking?

A

rheumatic myocarditis

these are problem Anitschow cells

35
Q

When is the fish mouth valve seen?

A

rheumatic mitral stenosis

36
Q

Four cardinal features of tetralogy of fallot

A

1) VSD
2) right ventricular outflow obstruction (i.e. subpulmonic stenosis)
3) overriding of the VSD by the aorta
4) right ventricular hypertrophy

37
Q

What is an aortic dissection? How does it present?

A

tear in the intima

tearing chest pain

38
Q

What are 2 most common associations of AAA?

A

HTN + atherosclerosis

39
Q

Where do you find berry aneurysms? What does it present with? What does it cause?

A

in circle of willis

can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage

presents with worst headache ever

40
Q

Mycotic aneurysm is caused by …

A

bacterial infection

41
Q

What are varicose veins? What are their risks?

A

distended veins

low risk of DVT

42
Q

What is thrombophlebitis and phlebothrombosis? What are their risks?

A

thrombophlebitis: blood clot in veins due to inflammation

phlebothrombosis: blood clot in veins due to non-inflammatory processes

risk of PE

43
Q

When is there greatest risk of rupture following MI?

A

3-7 days

when there is loose granulation tissues without much structural integrity

44
Q

What does a free wall rupture post-MI lead to?

A

hemopericardium

45
Q

What is mural thrombus? What are the risks?

A

blood pools following MI since heart is not beating as well after injury

this can lead to embolus (either gangrene or stroke)

46
Q

What is a sign of reperfusion injury?

A

contraction bands present

47
Q

Myocardial stunning vs. hibernation

A

Stunning: acute damage that can recover in a couple days

Hibernation: chronic ischemia that may hibernate for days-weeks than recover function later

48
Q

What is most common cause of dilated CM? What is most common cause of known dilated CM?

A

idiopathic

alcohol

49
Q

peripartum CM is a form of what kind of CM?

A

dilated CM

50
Q

What is the cause of hypertrophic CM?

A

genetic

51
Q

What are 2 causes of restrictive CM?

A

amyloid

fibroelastosis

52
Q

“Stiffening” indicates …

A

restrictive CM

53
Q

Naxos syndrome is associated with …

A

arrhythmic right ventricular Cm

54
Q

When do you see “nutmeg liver”?

A

right-sided HF since there is systemic edema in liver

55
Q

When do you see hemisodern-laden macrophages?

A

left-sided heart failure

Cardio (8 decks)

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