histology:study of tissues

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

collection of cells that perform specific functions

Question 2

epithelial tissue

Answer 2

•found throughout body inside and out
•main glandular tissue secretion
•cells laid out in sheets w strong connections/attachments
•tightly packed cells
•attached to underlying connective tissue by non cellular, nonliving basement membranes
•usually avascular (no blood supply)
cells reproduce quickly (diffusion of nutrients, rapid healing)

Question 3

function of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

protect,secrete absorb, excrete, sensory perception

Question 4

parenchyma (the actual cells)

Answer 4

the tissue that performs the epithelial organ function

Question 5

stroma

Answer 5

the tissue that supports the organs function

Question 6

lumen (light)

Answer 6

outside of the cell network. typically exposed to world around it

Question 7

basement membrane

Answer 7

thin, fibrous, extra cellular matrix of tissue that separates the lining of an internal or external body surface from underlying connective tissue

Question 8

squamos

Answer 8

flat

Question 9

cuboidal

Answer 9

square

Question 10

columnar

Answer 10

rectangular

Question 11

simple

Answer 11

single

Question 12

stratified

Answer 12

multiple

Question 13

• simple squamos (tissues)

Answer 13

single layer of flattened cells
function:diffusion and filtration
found in air sacs of the lungs,walls of capillaries

Question 14

• simple cuboidal (tissues)

Answer 14

single layer, cube-shaped cells
function:secretion and absorption
found in:lining of kidney tubules, ducts/glands, covering surface of ovaries

Question 15

*simple columnar (tissues)

Answer 15

single later, elongated cells with their nuclei in the same position (usually near the basement membrane)
function: secretion and absorption
found in lining of digestive tract and uterus
contains scatter goblet cells functioning in the secretion of mucus ( keeps cells from drying out)

Question 16

microvilli (simple columnar)

Answer 16

tiny finger-like processes from their free surface- increases surface for absorption

Question 17

cilia (simple columnar)

Answer 17

help with movement of particles

Question 18

connective tissue

Answer 18

• most abundant tissue in the body, found throughout every system
• binds structures together
• provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue
•composed of more scattered cells with abundant intracellular and extracellular material (matrix)
•made up of a ground substance(fluid, semi-solid) and fibers
•most had a good blood supply
•cells reproduce over various time frames ( quick to basically never)

Question 19

mast cells (1 of 3 common types of connective tissue)

Answer 19

(prevents blood clots, promote inflammation) — start of immune

Question 20

macrophages aka scavengers (1 of 3 common types of connective tissue

Answer 20

(phagocytes) “big eaters”

Question 21

fibroblasts (1 of 3 common types of connective tissue

Answer 21

(most abundant, produce protein fibers) — different compositions

Question 22

collagenous fibers (main types of fibers in connective tissues)

Answer 22

•major structural protein in body (thick, made of protein collagen, appear in long parallel bundles) strong, and somewhat flexible, but not very elastic, also known as white fibers (large part of , tendons and ligaments )


Question 23

elastic fibers (rubber bands) (main types of fiber in connective tissue)

Answer 23

Micro fibers in protein elastin, yellow fiber. Not as strong, but very flexible.(large component of vocal cords and eardrum.)

Question 24

*loose connective tissue or areolar tissue (category of connective tissue)

Answer 24

binds skin to organs, organs to organs, space between muscles, through out body
GREATEST QUANTITY
kinda looks like big spaghetti string 

Question 25

*adipose tissue (category of connect tissue)

Answer 25

aka fat- beneath skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, abdominal membranes. function : protect, insulation to preserve heat , cells are called adipocytes kinda looks like oil and water

Question 26

fibrous (category of connect tissue)

Answer 26

aka dense C.T- dense and closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and fine network of elastic fibers few cells, poor blood supply SLOW HEALING

Question 27

tendon

Answer 27

connects muscles to bones

Question 28

ligaments

Answer 28

connect bones to bones

Question 29

cartilage

Answer 29

flexible and strong - provides support and protection

Question 30

hyaline cartilage

Answer 30

very find white (collagenous) fibers. most common type of cartilage- covers the ends of bones and joints, nose , respiratory passages. model for bone growth

Question 31

elastic cartilage

Answer 31

more flexible and elastic, external ear and larynx (vocal cords)

Question 32

fibrocartilage ( only found in spine)

Answer 32

very dense, large numerous collagenous fibers. can withstand lots of pressure, location, intervertebral, and Menisci

Question 33

*bone tissue (osseous)

Answer 33

osseous (hardened) tissue. rigid due to salt mineralization layers- lamellae, haversian canals, osteocytes looks like peach rings

Question 34

*blood

Answer 34

Circulates throughout the body, transportation of nutrients and waste 

Question 35

reticuloendothelial (immune phagocytes)

Answer 35

destruction of large quantities of toxins and other particles; location: spleen, and lymph nodes-like tonsils 

Question 36

*skeletal muscle

Answer 36

voluntary-attached to bone striated (muscle filaments overlap) has little “stripes” and looks like meat

Question 37

*smooth muscle

Answer 37

involuntary movement ( go with the flow)

Question 38

hollow organs (smooth muscle )

Answer 38

gastrointestinal intestine tract, stomach, urinary tract, and uterus(a tube)

Question 39

*cardiac muscle

Answer 39

wall of the heart has gaps

Question 40

intercalated discs (cardiac muscle)

Answer 40

allows electrochemical impulses to be conveyed

Question 41

nervous tissue

Answer 41

found in brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 42

neurons (nervous tissue)

Answer 42

transmit signals, electrochemical signals 

Question 43

neuroglia (glial)

Answer 43

protect, support, help with immunity 

Question 44

*stratified squamous

Answer 44

multi-layered, squamous cells function-protect, found in lining of body cavities, like skin, mouth, anus, and vagina

Question 45

pseudo-stratified columnar

Answer 45

appear “stratified” but really a single layer with uneven nuclei giving the appearance of layered cells usually ciliated (tiny, hair-like projections for sweeping materials along a surface) contains goblet cells function:secretion and cilia-aided movement location:lining air passages and tubes of the reproductive system

Question 46

transitional epithelial

Answer 46

thick layered cuboidal cells contract and stretch to form a barrier to block diffusion(no leaking) and block infection found in lining of urinary bladder and genital tract