Histopathology Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is SYNAPTOPHYSIN?
Present in presynaptic vesicles of neurons, normal neurons and neuroendocrine cells
SYNAPTOPHYSIN is a protein involved in synaptic transmission.
What is the significance of HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG)?
Synthesized by placental SYNCTIOTROPHOBLAST
HCG is a hormone often associated with pregnancy and is used as a tumor marker.
Which tumors are associated with ALPHA FETOPROTEIN (AFP)?
Hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors
AFP is typically synthesized by the liver and elevated in certain cancers.
What are MESENCHYMAL TUMOR MARKERS?
Tumors of skeletal muscle origin
Includes myogenic tumors which show specific markers.
What markers are associated with FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMOR?
ACTIN, DESMIN, MYO-DI, MYOGLOBIN, MYO-D1, MYOGENIN
These markers help identify tumors of fibrous and histiocytic origin.
What is the endothelial marker for ANGI0SARCOMA?
Vimentin
Vimentin is a type of intermediate filament protein expressed in mesenchymal cells.
What is the best screening marker for LYMPHOMA?
LCA (Leukocyte Common Antigen) aka CD45
This marker is crucial for identifying lymphoid neoplasms.
Which cells are characteristic of MALIGNANT TUMORS?
Reed-Sternberg cells
These cells are associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and have unique surface markers.
What are common CELL PROLIFERATION MARKERS?
Ki-67 (MIB) and PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen)
These markers indicate the growth fraction of a given cell population.
What are the main components of Nucleic Acids?
Sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases
Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA, essential for genetic information.
What is the function of Glycogen?
Stored form of carbohydrates in humans and animals
Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and muscles.
What does the PAS stain identify?
Glycogen, mucoproteins, hyaline casts, glomerular basement membrane
PAS staining is critical in histopathology for identifying these substances.
What is the significance of the Combined Alcian Blue PAS Technique?
Separates Acid and Neutral Mucins
This technique is useful for studying mucins in histological samples.
What does the term ‘metachromatic’ refer to in histology?
Substances that change color when stained
Metachromatic stains aid in visualizing certain types of tissues and cells.
What is the primary use of Neutral Buffered Formal Saline?
Commonly used fixative for amino acid histochemistry
It preserves tissue morphology for subsequent analysis.
What is the role of enzymes in histochemistry?
Act as biological catalysts for reactions
Enzyme histochemistry is important for identifying enzyme activity in tissues.
What is the oldest stain used in histology?
Langhan’s Iodine Method
Though obsolete, it was historically used for glycogen detection.
What is the significance of S100 protein in MELANOMA?
Marker for melanocytes derived from neural crest
S100 protein is a common marker used to identify melanoma cells.
What does the term ‘acid mucopolysaccharides’ refer to?
Polysaccharides that are acidic and can be stained
They play roles in connective tissue structure.
What is the function of the Fluorescent Acridine Orange Technique?
Uses fluorochrome to stain temporarily
This technique is useful for visualizing nucleic acids.
What is the purpose of the Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin-Alcian Blue method?
Stains mucins
This method helps differentiate types of mucins in histological samples.
Fill in the blank: Mucoproteins are most commonly stained with _______.
PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff)
PAS staining is crucial for identifying mucoproteins in tissues.
What is the method for Succinic Dehydrogenase?
PRES..
