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Histopathology Exam 1 Flashcards

Study for Histopath Exam 1 (first 3 lectures) (40 cards)

1
Q

3 Stages of Human Development

A

Proliferation Period (0-3 wks)
Embryonic Period (3-8 wks)
Fetal Development Period (9wks-term)

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2
Q

What period of human development do the germ layers mature & differentiate into specific tissues

A

Embryonic period (between 3-8 weeks)

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3
Q

What is a group of more than 32 blastomeres called?

A

morula

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4
Q

What is a blastocyst?

A

cluster of dividing cells made by a fertilized egg – the early stage of an embryo

64 morula once it develops into an internal blastocystic cavity

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5
Q

what is the name for a blastocyst once it develops an inner cell mass @ ________ days?

A

embryoblast; 6-7 days

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6
Q

________ of the embryoblast into the uterine wall between days _________.

A

implantation; 4-10 days

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7
Q

What are the 2 parts of the outer cell mass?

A

cytotrophoblast & syntrophoblast

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8
Q

which outer cell mass is the precursor to the placenta?

A

syntrophoblast

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9
Q

what does the inner cell mass become?

A

bilaminar embryonic disc

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10
Q

Epiblast = __________ + ___________
Hypoblast = ______________

A

epiblast= ectoderm–>mesoderm
hypoblast=endoderm

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11
Q

After implantation, there are 3 cell layers and 3 embyronic cavities… What are they?

A

layers: epiblast, embryonic mesoderm, hypoblast
cavities: amniotic cavity, yolk sav, chorionic cavity

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12
Q

The primitive streak, notochord and neural tube develop during the _____ week of development.

A

3rd

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13
Q

What does the primitive streak begin to form?

A

Mesodermal layer

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14
Q

What does the notochord formed from?

A

Ectodermal cells from the primitive node

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15
Q

What part of the bilaminar disc INDUCES the formation of somites? (does not MAKE somites itself)

A

notochord

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16
Q

What is the precursor to the nerves of the spinal column?

A

Neural tube

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17
Q

What functions as the primitive axial skeleton for the embryo?

18
Q

During what week of development does the bilaminar disc form the 3 embryonic germ layers?

A

3rd week of development

19
Q

Tell me some shit about the ECTODERM

A

-formerly the epiblast layer
-epidermis, hair, & nails
-epithelium of the oral and nasal cavities & paranasal sinuses
-salivary & endocrine glands + sweat glands
-nervous system
-TOOTH ENAMEL

20
Q

Tell me some shit about MESODERM

A

-paraxial mesoderm –> somites
-intermediate mesoderm –> urogenital system
-lateral plate mesoderm–> parietal & visceral mesoderm (refer to study guide if you wanna know more than that)

21
Q

Tell me some shit about ENDODERM

A

-formerly the hypoblast layer
-GI tract epithelium and associated glands

22
Q

Developmental defect where the bottom of neural tube does not fuse + folic acid deficiency:

23
Q

Development defect where the extrusion of dura and arachnoid mater (meninges only):

24
Q

Developmental defect where extrusion of neural tissues plus ALL THREE meninges (meninges AND neural tissue):

A

Meningomyelocele

25
Developmental defect that is fatal and characterized by lack of development of the cranium and brain:
Anencephaly
26
What do neural crest cells differentiate into?
dorsal root ganglion
27
What cranial nerves use neural crest cells for sensory ganglion?
V, VII, IX, X [5, 7, 9, 10]
28
What do neural crest cells make? Name 3.
melanocytes, adrenal medulla, meninges, facial bones, cartilage, all teeth and periodontal structures
29
What layer of the bilaminar disc is responsible for making enamel and gingiva?
ectoderm
30
What are the Branchial/pharyngeal arches?
-make up structures from the ear to thyroid -stack on top of eachother -each arch contains 1 artery, 1 nerve, 1 piece of cartilage
31
Name the branchial grooves/clefts/pouches & what they correspond with.
1st Branchial groove: external auditory canal 1st branchial pouch: eustachian tube 2nd branchial pouch: palatine tonsils 3rd branchial pouch: inferior parathyroid/thymus 4th branchial pouch: superior parathyroids/ultimobranchial body
32
Cervical flexure of the brain, maxillary & mandibular prominence, limb development --> When? _______ days.
32
33
Pigmentation of the eye, formation of auricular hillocks & external ear development --> when? ________ days.
41
34
What diagnosis is defective fusion of the median nasal process with the maxillary process & when does this usually occur?
Cleft Lip; occurs around the 35th day (5-6 weeks) -- - if one child is born with a cleft lip there is 40% chance the second child will have one too.
35
What diagnosis is defective fusion of the palatine shelves & when does this usually occur?
Cleft palate; occurs between the 8th & 12th week
36
What percent of cases are combined cleft lip and cleft palate cases?
45%
37
Are facial clefts more common in Caucasian or Chinese populations?
chinese - 1/500 versus caucasian1/700
38
What type of cyst develops at the line of fusion between palatine shelves and primary plate?
Nasopalatine duct cyst
39
What type of cyst develops when the cervical sinus remains past the 7th week and follows along the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
lateral cervical cyst
40