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Eukaryotic Pathogens > Histoplasma > Flashcards

Histoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Is yeast or hyphae virulent?

A

yeast

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2
Q

Histo looks like TB why?

A
  • causes lung granulomas which can turn into calcified nodules
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3
Q

How do biologics do?

A

Inhibit TNFalpha to supress immune system

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4
Q

What does RYP1 stand for?

A

Required for Yeast Phase 1

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5
Q

What do RYP1 do?

A

allows 25C hyphae to turn into 37C yeast

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6
Q

How did they find RYP1?

A
  • screen for mutants unable to grow as yeast at 37C
  • OR use chemical that blocks transition to yeast
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7
Q

How does histo survive in phagolysosome?

A

somehow keeps pH neutral which prevents activation of lysosomal enzymes

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7
Q

How does histo survive in phagolysosome?

A

somehow keeps pH neutral which prevents activation of lysosomal enzymes

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8
Q

What PRRs do histo bind to?

A
  • Complement receptors
  • most important to have CD18 which is the constant region
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9
Q

How did they find histo virulence factors?

A
  • transcription microarray showed expression of each gene in a single experiment
  • query how much red, green, and yellow on plate
  • look for red and green outliers
  • yellow = housekeeping genes
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10
Q

What does CBP1 stand for?

A

Calcium Binding Protein 1

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11
Q

What do CBP1 do?

A

kill macrophage

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12
Q

Which PRR is extra important to histo?

A

CR3 because that allows histo into macrophage

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13
Q

What PRRs does histo try and hide from?

A
  • TLRs
  • Dectin1
  • MR
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14
Q

How did they test if alpha glucans where important and what did it show?

A
  • made by Alpha Glucan Synthase 1
  • remove AGS1 or block via iRNA
  • AGS1- had much lower fungal burden
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15
Q

What do alpha glucans do for histo?

A

mask beta glucans from Dectin1

16
Q

What does ENG1 stand for?

A

Extracellular endo-beta-glucanase 1

17
Q

What do ENG1 do?

A

hydrolyzes beta glucans that peak through alpha glucan coating

18
Q

How did they find ENG1?

A

proteomics based identification of candidate secreted protein factors

19
Q

What does SOD stand for?

A

SuperOxide Dismutase

20
Q

What SOD is secreted and what do it do?

A

SOD3 protects against ROS

21
Q

What does Cat stand for?

A

Catalase

22
Q

Which Cat is secreted and what do it do?

A

CatB protects from ROS

23
Q

What do siderophores do?

A

steal sequestered iron

23
Q

What do siderophores do?

A

steal sequestered iron

24
Q

Why do PMN- hosts generally not get histo?

A

they’re not exposed because they’re in the hospital

25
Q

Are T cells required to fight histo?

A

yes because they activate macrophages

26
Q

What do RNS do to histo?

A

kill

27
Q

What do surfactant proteins do to histo?

A

directly kill yeasts

28
Q

Are surfactant proteins sufficient?

A

yes

Eukaryotic Pathogens (15 decks)

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