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MT 6320 LEC > Historical background & Taxonomy > Flashcards

Historical background & Taxonomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Systematic study of organisms that is too small to be seen by the naked eye

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Microbiology involves the study of

A
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Parasites
  • Fungi
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3
Q

Why do we study microbes?

A
  • To identify causative agent of disease
  • Some microbes are beneficial to humans
  • Helps MT in identification, isolation, and diagnosis of pathogenic bacteria
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4
Q

Suggested that disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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5
Q

Proposed the “Germ Theory”

A

Girolamo Fracastoro

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6
Q

Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

First person to observe and describe microorganisms and called them as “animalcules”

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

Observed bacteria and protozoa in pond water and own blood and specimens

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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9
Q

Father of modern Microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

Process of treating food with mild heat to eliminate pathogens and extend shelf life

A

Pasteurization

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11
Q

Disproved Spontaneous Generation

A

Pasteurization

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12
Q

What theory says that life arises from non-living matter (e.g. fermenting dough)?

A

Spontaneous Generation by Aristotle

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13
Q

Complex living things come only from other living things, by means of reproduction.

A

Biogenesis

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14
Q

Rudolph Virchow first proposed Biogenesis

True or False

A

True

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15
Q

Proponent of Biogenesis

A

Louis Pasteur

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16
Q

Creation of Attenuated Vaccines

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

What is Attenuated Vaccines?

A

Pathogen with drastically reduced virulence but is practically the same live organism

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18
Q

Discovered fermentation

A

Louis Pasteur

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19
Q

Developed the antiseptic system of surgery

A

Joseph Lister

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20
Q

Phenol is bacteriostatic at concentration 1-2% and bactericidal and fungicidal at concentration 0.1-1%

True or False

A

False

Phenol is bacteriostatic at concentration 0.1-1% and
bactericidal and fungicidal at concentration 2-3%

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21
Q

Carbolic acid (phenol) as antiseptic

A

Antiseptic system of surgery by Joseph Lister

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22
Q

Launched golden age of Medical Bacteriology via Koch’s
Postulates

A

Robert Koch

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23
Q

Discovery of Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Robert Koch

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24
Q

Causative agent of Anthrax and Tuberculosis

A

Bacillus Anthracis and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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25
Culture of bacteria using media
Robert Koch
26
Use of agar and petri dish in cultivating bacteria
Robert Koch
27
Koch's Postulates Evidence required to establish relationship between microorganism and disease:
1. Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease (causative agent) 2. It must be isolated and grown in pure culture 3. The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease. 4. Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased animal
28
Discovered salvarsan to treat syphilis
Paul Ehrlich
29
Discovered Penicillin
Alexander Fleming
30
Penicillin was discovered from a bacteria True or False
False Penicillin was discovered from mold
31
An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature. identification)
Taxonomy
32
Greek etymology from the word _____ meaning "arrangement" and _____ meaning law
taxes, nomos
33
orderly classification and grouping of organisms in taxa meaning "category"
Taxonomy
34
Taxonomy based on genotypic characteristic, phenotypic characteristics, and phylogenetics.
Polyphasic Taxonomy
35
Method of classification combines the traditional genotypic, phenotypic, and phylogenetic into a general-purpose classification system
Polyphasic Taxonomy
36
Evolutionary Relationships
Phylogenetic
37
What does MALDI-TOF-MS stand for?
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry
38
Father of Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
39
Established rules of basic taxonomic classification
Carolus Linnaeus
40
Discovered Binomial Classification
Carolus Linnaeus
41
Nomenclature is limited to 2 taxa:
genus and species
42
How do you write genus name
Capitalized and can be abbreviated
43
How do you write species name
starts with a lowercase letter
44
Why are scientific names of organisms are written in italics?
they are usually in Latin
45
American Ecologist
Robert Whittaker
46
Basis: Cellular organism and nutritional pattern
Robert Whittaker
47
What are the 5 Kingdom System
- Monera / Prokaryotae - Fungi - Protistae - Animalia - Plantae
48
Discovered the 5 kingdom system
Robert Whittaker
49
American Microbiologist and Biophysicist
Carl Woese
50
Basis: Cellular organization and function
Carl Woese
51
Discovered the Domain System
Carl Woese
52
What does the domain system comprise of?
- Bacteria - Eukaria - Archaea
53
Hierarchical Classification
- Domain - Kingdom - Division or Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Tribe - Genus - Species - Subspecies Dear King Philip Come Over For Good Soup
54
Organism population that is differentiated from populations within species
Strains
55
Variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences
Biovars
56
Variation in serological reactions; strains with distinctive antigenic properties
Serovars
57
The "clan" of a bacteria
Family
58
The "last name" of a bacteria
Genus
59
The "first name" of a bacteria
species
60
Matching Type: 1. Names end in -ales 2. Name is capitalized and ends in -aceae 3. Names end in -eae A. Family B. Order C. Tribe
B, A, C Family name is capitalized and ends in –aceae Order name ends in –ales Tribe Names end in -eae
61
aka Epithet
Species
62
In transferring a species from one genus to another, the species is retained. True or False
True
63
Three distinct groups of classifying organisms by cell organization
- Prokaryotes - Eukaryotes - Archaea
64
Pathogenic bacteria
Prokaryotes
65
Larger cells with membrane-encased organelles
Eukaryotes

MT 6320 LEC (2 decks)

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