Historical BreakThroiugh In Microbiology Flashcards
E master ni animal (25 cards)
What is General Microbiology?
A sub-branch of biology that deals with extremely tiny organisms beneficial to humankind.
Who invented the compound microscope and contributed to the discovery of microorganisms?
Zaccharias Janssen
What diverse organisms did Robert Hooke observe with his microscope?
Insects, sponges, diatoms, fungi
Who observed microorganisms and called them animalcules?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What did Francesco Redi prove by covering jars with cloth?
Fly maggots do not arise from decaying meat.
Who disproved John Needham’s theory using proper sterile techniques?
Lazzaro Spallanzi
What did John Needham do that led to microbial growth?
Boiled mutton broth
What innovative technique did Franz Schulze demonstrate?
Air bubbled through sulfuric acid did not produce growth in sterilized culture media.
What did Theodor Schwann prove about sterilized air?
No fermentation occurred in sterilized air.
What method did Georg Friedrich Schroder and Theoder von Dusch use to prevent microbial growth?
Allowed air to enter a flask through sterile cotton wool.
What was the significance of Louis Pasteur’s S-shaped neck flasks?
Prevented microorganisms from entering and contaminating the broth.
What did John Tyndall conclude about the presence of microbes in dust?
Dust carries germs or microbes.
What did Ferdinand Cohn discover about heat-resistant bacteria?
They are capable of producing bacterial endospores.
What is germ theory of disease?
Many diseases were caused by foreign microorganisms.
What did Robert Koch demonstrate with anthrax bacteria?
Cultivated pure cultures that caused disease in mice.
What are Koch’s postulates?
- Pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease. 2. Must be grown in pure culture. 3. Must cause disease in healthy animal. 4. Must be reisolated.
What is variolation?
An early method for controlling smallpox by exposing individuals to smallpox material.
Who expanded the discovery of variolation by inoculating a child with cowpox material?
Edward Jenner
What diseases did Louis Pasteur develop vaccines for?
Cholera, anthrax, swine erysipelas, rabies.
What did Charles Chamberland develop in 1884?
Chamber-Pasteur filter.
What was the 17D vaccine developed for, and by whom?
Yellow fever, developed by Max Theiler, Hugh Smith, and Eugen Haagen.
What type of polio vaccine did Albert Sabin develop?
Live-attenuated polio vaccine.
What was the first antimicrobial agent synthesized by Paul Ehrlich?
Salvarsan, a remedy for syphilis.
Who discovered penicillin?
Alexander Fleming
