Historical Breakthrough Flashcards
(28 cards)
Study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae
Microbiology
He invented the compound microscope, an important breakthrough from the contemporary use of a single lens for magnification.
Zaccharias Janssen
He improved and refined the design of the compound microscope and used it to observe organisms such as insects, sponges, diatoms, and fungi
Robert Hooke
Made the observation of microorganisms which he called ‘animacules’. He is regarded as one of the first to provide accurate descriptions of protozoa, fungi, and bacteria
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
This theory states that life emerges from non-living matter where vital force is required
Abiogenesis theory or Spontaneous generation
The theory states that life can only come from life, and it refers to any process in which a lifeform can give rise to other lifeforms.
Biogenesis theory
He challenged the Abiogenesis theory by using jars of meat. (1) open to the air, (2) sealed, (3) covered with gauze. He proved that maggots only appeared in the open jar; thus flies spawn maggots and not the meat spontaneously generating maggots
Francesco Redi
He conducted an experiment that seemed to support Spontaneous generation. He boiled chicken broth and let it cool before sealing. Microorganisms later appeared, and he argued it was Spontaneous generation. His boiling times were insufficient to kill the microorganisms.
John Needham
He challenged Needham’s experiment by using proper sterile techniques. His did not have any microorganisms growing in his sealed flasks
Lazzaro Spallanzani
They conducted experiments to disprove abiogenesis. They allowed boiled broth to come in contact with the air that was either heated or passed through wth solutions of toxic chemicals. No microorganisms grew
Franz Schulze and Theodor Schwann
They were the first to introduce the isea of using cotton plugs for plugging microbial culture tubes. Their Experiment led to no microbial growth
George Schroder and Theodor von Dusch
The concept of spontaneous generation was put to rest by him. He designed a flask with long, swan-like necks that allowed the sterilization broth to interact with fresh air, but trapped the microorganisms in the flask’s curved neck
Loius Pasteur
He found out that the fermentation of fruits and grains, resulting in alcohol, was brought about by microorganisms. He suggested that mild heating at 145F for 30 mins was enough to destroy the undesirable organisms without ruining the taste of the product
Louis Pasteur
This is a heat-treatment process that kills pathogens and extends its shelf-life
Pasteurization
Made the finl blow to SG when he demonstrated that dust indeed carried microorganisms.
John Tyndall
He discovered the germ theory of disease. He proved that many diseases were caused by the presence of foreign microorganisms.
Louis Pasteur
He discovered infectious disease-causing microorganisms and prescived methods of attenuarinf microbe virulence
Louis Pasteur
He cultivated anthrax bacteria (Bacillus anthracis). He then injected pure cultures of the bacili into mice and showed that the bacili invariably caused anthrax.
Robert Koch
The procedures of Koch came to be known as _______. It provided a set of principles whereby other microorganisms could be related to other diseases.
Koch’s Postulates
What are the steps in Koch’s Postulates?
1) The pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals
2) The pathogen must be grown in pure culture
3) Cells from a pure culture of the pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal
4) The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original
This was discovered before the germ theory, but it was not fully understood until the time of pasteur.
Vaccination
He was the first to prevent smallpox, where he inoculated people with pus from cowpox lesions to provide protection against smallpox.
Edward Jenner
A technique for intentionally infecting people with smallpox to create immunity to the disease.
Variolation
Variolation was later known as?
Vaccination
