Historical Perspective Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the connection between imaging modalities and the awareness of newly detected morphologic abnormalities?
Better understanding and increased awareness are mostly connected to the progress in adequate imaging modalities.
What breakthrough in diagnosis began with echocardiographic findings?
The echocardiographic diagnosis of spongy myocardial morphology.
In which patient population was spongy myocardial morphology initially observed?
Newborns and infants.
What has improved the detection of spongy myocardial patterns in apparently healthy individuals?
Advancements in cardiovascular imaging quality, including modern echo, MRI, and CT modalities.
What is necessary to prevent mis- or over-diagnosis of cardiac anomalies?
Improved diagnostic criteria.
What historical context is essential to understand current concepts in diagnosis and management?
The historical background of the cardiac anomaly.
What phenomenon did Lauer et al. observe in cases with pulmonary valve atresia?
Intramyocardial diverticula and sinusoids.
What did Feldt et al. describe in a 3-month-old girl with complex congenital heart disease?
A two-layered myocardial structure with a thick spongy inner layer and a compact outer layer.
What term did Chin et al. propose for the abnormal myocardial pattern?
Isolated noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium.
What does the process of ventricular trabeculation begin with?
Protrusions of the endocardial layer developing into myocardial trabeculations.
What signaling molecules are involved in cardiac trabeculation?
Neuregulin, serotonin 2B receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1.
What is the expected outcome of the heart’s compaction process by gestational week 16?
Compression of intertrabecular spaces to capillaries.
What is the relationship between the compaction process and the development of coronary circulation?
The compaction process is accompanied by the formation of coronary veins and arteries.
What rotation pattern occurs in the left ventricular myocardium during systole?
Clockwise basal rotation followed by counterclockwise apical rotation.
True or False: In cases of left ventricular noncompaction, systolic twisting deformation is present.
False.
What does the term ‘left ventricular noncompaction’ (LVNC) reflect?
A typical myocardial pattern on echocardiography.
What are the potential causes of noncompaction aside from genetic failure?
Acquired forms due to conditions like vigorous training and pregnancy.
What alternative term may be more appropriate than ‘LVNC’ according to recent observations?
Left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT).
What does the term ‘excessive trabeculations’ refer to?
A myocardial phenotype of unknown origin or a bystander in the presence of additional cardiac lesions.
What does LVNC stand for?
Left Ventricular Noncompaction
LVNC is characterized by a distinct myocardial pattern observed on echocardiography.
What are the key echocardiographic features of LVNC?
Typical myocardial pattern with:
* Subepicardially located compacted layer
* Subendocardial noncompacted layer
* At least 4 prominent left ventricular trabeculations
* Deep intertrabecular recesses
Is LVNC considered a phenotype or an established cardiomyopathy?
Debated; it may be considered a phenotype rather than an established cardiomyopathy.
What factors are important in distinguishing genetic NCCM from non-genetic LVNC?
Genetic testing plays a crucial role in this distinction.
What is the significance of the compacted and noncompacted layers in LVNC?
The noncompacted layer should be at least twice as thick as the compacted layer.
