Historical Perspectives Flashcards
(33 cards)
Define animal experimentation.
Scientific study of animals, usually in a laboratory, for the purpose of gaining new biological knowledge or solving specific medical, veterinary medical, dental, or biological problems.
Define laboratory animal care.
Application of veterinary medicine and animal science to the acquisition of lab animals and to their management, nutrition, breeding, and diseases. Also applies to care provided to animals as an aid in managing pain and distress.
Define laboratory animal medicine.
Specialty field recognized by the AVMA that is a specialty field within vet med that is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases in animals used as subjects in biomedical activities.
Define comparative medicine.
Study of nature, cause and cure of abnormal structure and function in people, animals, and plants for the eventual application to and benefit of all living things.
Define laboratory animal science.
The body of scientific and technical information, knowledge, and skills that bear on both lab animal care and lab animal medicine. Analogous to animal science in the agricultural sector.
Who is considered the founder of experimental medicine?
Claude Bernard
Who received the first DVM in the US?
D.E. Salmon
Who was the first veterinarian to fill a position in lab animal medicine at an American medical research institution?
Simon Brimhall
Who was the first veterinarian to attain a full professorship for lab animal med-related academic activities?
Carl Schlotthauer
Who pioneered the concept of disease-free animal colonies?
Charles Griffin
Who was the first president of the AALAS?
Nathan Brewer
What is Bennett Cohen known for?
Helped form the Animal Care Panel (AALAS). First secretary of AALAS. Helped establish ACLAM. Chaired the NAS committee that wrote the first edition of the Guide. Reputation in the field of gerontology.
What was Thomas Clarkson known for?
Pioneer in comparative medicine and women’s health.
Who was the first president of the National Society for Medical Research?
Anton Carlson
When was the National Society for Medical Research founded?
1946
What is Robert Gesell known for?
Statement at the American Physiological Society that was critical of the NSMR and welfare standards for animal research.
When was the National Association of Biomedical Research founded? What organizations merged to form NABR?
1980s. National Society for Medical Research and Association for Biomedical Research
When was the Animal Care Panel established? When did it become AALAS?
- Became AALAS in 1967.
Describe the National Academy of Sciences.
Private organization with a federal charter. Developed in 1863 as a principal advisor to the federal government on matters related to science and public policy. Election is a very high honor.
When was ILAR established?
First as the Institute of Animal Resources in 1953, renamed to Institute for Laboratory Animal Research in 1997.
What was the primary responsibility of ILAR?
Standards development. ILAR standards had a better position due to being under the umbrella of the National Academies of Science.
What is a unique aspect of the ILAR Journal?
Evaluates and encourages the development and validation of non-animal alternatives in research and testing.
When was ACLAM established?
1957
When was ASLAP established? What role does it serve?
- Has a seat in the AVMA House of Delegates where it represents laboratory animal practitioners w/i organized vet med.
