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History 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Which era is in 1600-1750?

A

Baroque era

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1
Q

Baroque Era dates?

A

1600-1750

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2
Q

Classical era years?

A

1750-1825

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3
Q

End of 18th century is the ….

A

High Classical Era

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4
Q

Baroque characteristics…

A

Grand, ornamental

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5
Q

Classical characteristics

A

Balanced, dramatic dyanmic changes

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6
Q

Composers in Baroque

A

Bach
Handel
Vivaldi

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7
Q

Composers Classical era

A 
Clementi
Salieri
Mozart
Haydn
Beethoven
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8
Q

American Revolution dates

A

1776

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9
Q

French Revolution

A

1789

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10
Q

Opera Genres

A

Opera Seria
Opera Buffa
Drama Giocoso
Singespiel

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11
Q

Style is ….

A

Repertoir, Composition Title, Genre

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12
Q

Mozart paragraph points

A

Elegant, songful melodies
Driven by the court, not folk
Courtley asthetics
Mood ranged from lively to somber

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13
Q

Mozarts writting notes

A

Contra-punctal lines interweave thru diff orchestral parts
Moderate chromatic harmony
Pyscological depth opera
Expanded the architecture of opera finale: act 2 Marriage of Figgaro

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14
Q

Eine Klein Nachtmusik date and K#

A

1787, K525

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15
Q

Eine Klein Nacht Mov I description

A 
Allegro
G+
4/4
sonata
Bold and excited with leaps and forte
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16
Q

Eine Kleim nach mov 2 descp

A 
Andante
C+
4/4
Rondo abaca coda
Sensibility style lyrical
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17
Q

Eine Klein mov 3

A 
Allegro
G+
3/4
Ternary
Strong dance, second melody lots of chromatic movement
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18
Q

Eine klein Mov 4

A 
Allegro
G+
4/4
Sonata rondo
Light but then Sturm und Drang
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19
Q

What genre was Eine Klein nachtmusik?

A

Serenade

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21
Q

Beethoven years

A

1770-1827

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21
Q

Beethoven teenager

A

Took care of family and went to U of Bonn fell in love with Lorchen 17-22

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22
Q

Beethoven childhood

A

1-8 lived with father as teacher

11-17 in Bonn taught by Christian Gottlob Neefe

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23
Q

Beethoven 20’s

A

Went to Vienna in 1792, french recolution getting too closetonBonn.

1796 tour Europe started selling works

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24
Beethoven established era 1800-1806
Lot of political movement just prior 1801 started loosing hearing Darkest time 1802 Increased to 1806 highest point: wrote 3-8 symphony, violin concerto, Waldstein sonatas
25
Beethoven war era
1808-1812 Hard times, still composed Haydn passed away 1809 Beethoven Maelzel fundraising: Battle symphony
26
Beethoven decline era
1812-1820's Struggled with loss of hearing Socially struggling Brother died 1815, nephew Karl problems very distracting
28
Beethoven final years
``` 1820's Received grwat commisions europe, america. Wrote 9th symphony Starting to break barriers Also weakinging health Passed away 1827 ```
29
Handel's Style
``` powerful rhythmic drive Preferred diatonic harmony atmosphere for scenes expressive phrasing in vocal, majestic arches virtuosic arias ```
30
Mozart's Style
Simple, elegant, songful melodies *Dramatic thematic contrast interweaving contrapunctual lines, colour orches moderate chromatic harmony 3 opera: buffa (Figaro), seria (Idomeneo), singspiel (Magic Flute)
31
Haydn's Style
``` Terse, angular themes Drone bass (folk-like song) expanded orchestra, more brass, clarinet, percu Expressive harmony Logical structure: sonata cycle ```
32
Beethoven's Style
fused Haydn and Mozart (early) longer movements, expanded development and coda devlop ternary sonata form (late) highly expressive piano sonatas (Pathetique, appastionata) Concertos combine virtuosity with symphonic structure
33
Schubert's Style
prolific song writer (Lieder) accomp-t becomes descriptive, equal performer songs convey passion and despair folk-like songs novel harmonic language and key changes for describing text
34
Chopin's Style
``` rubato widely spaced chords in bass delicate ornaments melodies inspired by opera, bel canto wrote nationalistic pieces: dances Polonaise, Mazurkas wrote wide variety of character pieces ```
35
Berlioz's Style
program symphony created modern orchestra: french dbl horn, harp novel techniques for strings, clarinet; col legno French lyricism, long-breathed melodies used idee fixe
36
Debussy's Style
parallel chords: medieval rhythm=dream ike fluidity over barline flowing orchestral colour, one instrument to another mild dissonances, new tone combinations, 9th chords (Pelleas) whole tone scales, chromatic scales preferred small forms
37
Stravinsky's Style
Russian nationalist - russian folk song Neo-Classicism, middle years Revitalized rhythm, pounding, stabbing rhythms Polytonality, Petrushka chord, changing meters wrote 12 tone compositions (late yrs)
38
Louise's Style
``` East+West pentatonic scales senza misura no definite key chinese instruments (gong) wide variety: piano, orchestral, film, TV, ballet, opera. ```
39
Erlking style
``` Eerie atmosphere, narrator 4 characters: one singer diff vocal tone galloping triplets, horse minor key for boy in distress major key for Erlking, seductive ```
40
Prelude to the Aftenroon of the Faun Style
``` Mellarme ABA A: chromatic melody in flute, low register harp glissando, muted horns A section around C sharp tonal center; mysteri B section around D flat, woodwind exotic A section around E and C sharp. antique cymbals at the end syncopated rhythms, vague beat, drifting ```
41
Distance Memories Style
``` cadenza-life passages senza misura pentatonic scale floating rhythm ternary form ```
42
String Quartet Op 76 no 2
4th mov. starts in dmin and finished D major folk-like finale (Hungarian folk tune) sonata allegro form first theme syncopated, 2nd these contrasting gentle triple rhythm figure at end drone bass
43
Messiah Style
French overturn AAB, A repeated B fugtato two recit: secco, accompagnato Virtuoso da capo aria, melismas Word painting, Glory to God Homorhythm and polyphonix exchanges in Hallelujah chorus
44
French overture
AAB. Baroque, complementing two sections.
45
da capo aria
Baroque form, voice solo with instrument acompt
46
figured bass
interval notation off bass
47
basso continuo
Structure: bass and chords
48
equal tempermant
tuning: notes are leveled with frequency (12 equal tone)
49
recitative
the details sung
50
recitative stypes
secco (dry continuo), accompagnato (orchestra)
51
ritornello
rondo-like motif, opening theme returns in other areas
52
melisma
turn: one vowel, move between several notes
53
sonata allegro form
2 themes, intro, develop, recap
54
cyclic form
theme occurs again throughout
55
rocket theme
fast, low to high theme
56
habanera
Aria, Bizet Carmen. rebellious bird you cannot tame
57
lyric tragedy
--
58
idee fixe
motif theme comes back in diff movements
59
dies irae
day of rath
60
co legno
string: play with wood on bow
61
ophicleide
like tuba
62
rubato
relaxed rhythmic accuracy
63
through composed
free form
64
program symphony
symphony to story, not movements
65
polonaise
polish fance, aristocratic rhythm ta, te te ta ta ta
66
senza misura
without meter
67
pentatonic scale
missing 4 and 7 i think
68
whole tone scale
whole tone sonly
69
impressionism
relating to impressionist painting style: using textures and techniques to draw-up a feeling. Suggestive instead of depicting.
70
antique cymbals
small tuned brass discs, above xylophone
71
Petroshka Chord
C Major + F# Major together arpeggiated
72
mambo
Cuban music form
73
hemiola
3:2 ratio
74
primitivism
Rythm, accents | back to the basics, Rite of Spring: pagan rite, human sacrafice, w/ Pablo Piccaso
75
Haydn years
1732-1809
76
Haydn general points
``` Father of the symphony Music was playful while elegant Used common dramatic themes: Sturm und Drang and sensibility style Monothematic Influnced by folk songs and dances Mimic guitar and bagpipes ```
77
Haydn Early years
Born in Rohrau, Austria 1732 Musical siblings St Stephens choir, education Experience performing mass festivals
78
Haydn teenager
Kicked out of choir | Made money teaching and street preforming: lots of impromptu
79
Haydn 20'30'
``` Kapellmeister Esterhazy Married Maria Anna Keller Prince Nikolai Wrote for Opera, theater and chapel Wrote so many symphonies and sq Secluded in Esterhazy Mid1780's commisssions Visited friends in Vienna ```
80
Haydn 58-63
58- leaves Esterhazy Tour London- London Symphonies Surprise, Clock, Drumm Roll, Oxford symphonies 445 folk songs arr george thompson Famous, conspiring w youth Mozart, Beethoven
81
Haydn late years
``` Return Vienna: The Creation, The Seasons oratorio Six masses Prince Nicholas 2 Nelson mass Health deteriorated Napolean arrive in Vienna 1809, he died ```
82
Haydn Titles
104 symphonies: 94: surprise, 100 Military, 104: London Conceros: p,v,c,t 68 string quartets: op76 no2 Quinten, no3 Kaiser >40 piano sonatas Orot: The Creations, The Seasons Sacred: lord Nelson mass, mass in the time of war Opera: 1;: Armida Theater works
83
Haydn String Quartet
``` Op76, no2 1797 Quinten- desc 5ths MOV. 4 Dmin-Dmaj Sonata Vivace assai 2/4 Exposition: syncopated Theme 1: ascending intervals piano Fermat theme2: Fmaj descending seq Devlop: theme 2, diff texture, dim7 tension Recap: dmaj theme1 Cello absent Coda: rapid triplets, end FF ```
84
Beethoven titles Early
``` Moonlight op2 Pathetique op10 Symphony 1,2: Haydn Piano Concerto 1,2 String piano trio: Haydn ```
85
Beethoven Middle titles
``` 3-8symphonies *3 eroica, 6 Pastoral Fideleo Opera Violin concerto Emperor concerto5 Appasionata, Waldstein sonatas Razumosky string q ```
86
Beethoven Late titles
``` Missa solemnis Last 4 sonatas: Hammerklavir, op111 sonata 32 9th symphony Great Fugue Diabelli variations ```
87
Beethoven Symohony 5 Mov I
``` C minor 2/4 Allegro conbrio Sonata Expo: theme1: 4note Theme2 winds legato Dev: four note figure, breaking it down Recap:obeo cadenza Cmaj theme2 End cmin ```
88
Beethoven Symphony 5 Mov II
``` Ab maj 2theme variations Andante con moto 3/8 Theme1: dolce legato interval jumps Theme2: march Ab-C 4variations, dif texture, contrary motion, Abmin march Long Coda ```
89
Beethoven Symphkny 5 Mov iii
``` C min Ternary Scherzo/trio allegro 3/4 Scherzo: rocket theme low strings pp Trio: dbl bass theme Playful Cmaj imitative Scherzo2: soft, pizzicato Blazing crescendo ```
90
Beethoven Symphony 5 Mov IV
``` C maj Sonata form Allegro 4/4 Theme1: ff trumpet - Gmaj horns Theme2: excited va soft Coderta uses 4note Dev: Scherzo pp pizzicato gmaj prep Recap: all in Cmaj Final chord repeated 8 times ```
91
Shubert Intro
``` Born 1797 Vienna Contrib to Leider Classical+Romantic Bohemian artist Father school master Violin piano viola family SQ Salieri taught him, Imperial Chaple Choir ```
92
Schubert Early
16, wrote Erlking School teacher Freelance musician, sold songs
93
Schubert Middle
``` Esterhazy summer Friends: mayrhefer, vogschubertiades Longing for the unreachable Not a virtuoso performer: network Wanted to write opera Opera Die Zwillingsbrader, Alfonso und Estrula Syphillis depression my Prayer ```
94
Schubert later
``` Great Symphony in C 1826 29 Visited Beethoveen Die Winterreise, Der Doppelganger, others mass Eb Died 31 yrs old ```
95
Schubert Style 2
``` Classical +romantic Sonata, std orchestra Inf by Mozart lyric, Beethoven symphonic Poet Goethe Deep emotions: Death and the Maiden, Die winterriese Fantasy F min Melody to produce colour ```
96
Schubert Titles
600 Leider: standchen, ave maria, die forelle, mignons leid Song cycle: Die winter, Die schone Mullerin 9 symphony: 9 great, 8 unfinished Chamber: 15 SQ death and the Maiden, trout Piano many varian dance sonata duet Choral: 7 masses Opera: dieZwillinsbrader
97
Schubert Erlking Style
Starts with a question, not depicting- like impressionist Erlking romantic spirit: supernatural Ending deep tragedy V-I recit end
98
Schurbert Erlking summary details
``` Goethe Erlking: evil elf, touch die Voice-piano G min 4/4 Schnell Ominous urgency 4 characters Mein Vater: minor Erlking major ```
99
Chopin intro
Born 1810 Poet piano New radical techniques Dedicated to piano
100
Chopin early
``` 1810 Poland: zelazowa wola Father french, mother polish Child prodigy Ealry Polonaise g min Warsaw conservatoire Jozef Elsner Polish folk song Salons, soiree Russians att Vienna; Revolutionary Etude op10no12 To Paris, polish nationalism ```
101
Chopin Middle
26: love affair George Sand, Arore Dudevant Shy Sick: op28 preludes Paris composed alot
102
Choin Late
Romance ended 37, 1847 Tourd london scotland Died of TB Buried in Paris, heart in Poland
103
Chopin Titles
Solo piano: etudes, dances, nocturnes, ballad, sonatas, fanatsy fmin Piano orch: e min concero Fmin concerto, variations Krakowiak Chamber: cello sonata paino trio
104
Chopin Polonaise in Ab Major STYLE
``` 1842 op53 patriotic Pedal, rolls for tension Virtuosity and brilliance in ascending scales BEL CANTO used in Sec B Unorthodox ending I-IIInat3-V7-I ```
105
Chopin Polonaise details
``` 1842 Solo Piano Ab Major 3/4 Maestoso Proud dance ABA form Sec A: RH polonaise harm thirds LH octaves Sec B: E Major LH ostinato staccato octaves pp proud D#maj, new BELCANTO theme Coda: unorthodx ending ```
106
Berlioz intro
``` Born 1803 France Arch Romantic Dedicated to new music Made his living as a music critic Father of modern orchestration No #'d symphonies French orchestra: dbl harp, 4horn and bassoon ```
107
Berlioz Early
Born 1803 near Lyon France Family wealthy, did not support music Studied medicine, but left it for music: hated discection Hung out in Opera houses
108
Berlioz Middle Years
Infl by Beethoven music, wrote biographoy on him Three attmepts Prix de Rome: wanted to go to the countryside May 1830 premeired Symphony fantastique: FAILED too hard insane notation Music critic Harriet Smithson
109
Berlioz late
Marriage ended with Harriet 1844, 41 Still loved and supported her Passed away 1869, 66 Wagner and Liszt loved Berlioz's work.
110
Berlioz TITLES
Program symphony: fantastqiue, Harold in Italy, Romeo and Juliet Concert overture: Waverly, rob Roy, King Lear Song cycle: Les nuits dete w orch Opera: Les Troyens, Beatrice et Benedict Choral: te deum, reqieum, la domination de faust Oratorio: Lenfance de christ
111
Berlioz Symphony Fantastique style
``` Harriet Smithson inspired 1830 Real symphony narrative Story based Orchestration insanely detailed and technical it was rejected ```
112
Berlioz Symphony Fantastique plot summary
Lovesick artist takes opium for suicide, dreams of: Mov1: reveries passion Youthful passion , idee fixe Mov2: the Ball, harp, heart beating in strings, idee fixe- the woman Mov3: scene in the fields: two shepards english horn duet Mov4: march scafold: nightmare kiing women he loved and being beheaded - hell Mov5: in hell: witches sabbath. Withces gather, dies irae sung, witches dance, his beloved it there but wicked in hell
113
Berlioz Symphony fantastique Mov 5 details
``` 4 sections: Idee fixe Eb major Transformed into grotesque Bells on i and v Dies Irae: C min Orphicleride, dimin half, str dbl dimin hobgoblin Bells ``` Dance Witches: C majr Fugual- polyphonc, immit dissonance Col legno Combination: dies irae, dance Conclu C maj
114
Commedia dell'arte
Comdey of artists | Improvised comedy stock characters
115
Hurdy gurdy
Portable string instrument | Wooden case, w crank
116
Pucinni style
``` 1858 - 1924 Best known operas Master melody Flexibility of aria line Orchestra colour Character Used realism, parlando, violinata ```
117
Puccini Titles
Madame Butterfly La boheme Todca Tarandoy
118
Puccini Madame | butterfly
Act I Cmin 2/4 Allegro contrapunc Fugual Act II ABAC Gb maj 3/4 Homophonic sec B 2/4, C recit
119
Modern styles
``` Expanded tonality Polytonality: more centers Modal scales: renaissance Atonality: absence center 12tone Pentatonic Whole tone ```
120
Debussy intro
1862 1918 Exotic Unique style
121
Debussy Early
``` Born France. 1862 Father china shop owner Piano 7yrsold 10y paris Conservatior piano comp Prix de rome Pianist conductor Nadezhda von Meck piano teacher Music critic Revenue Blanche Bayreuth wagner ```
122
Debussy middle
``` Paris World Expo Wrote Prelude a l'apresmidi Married Faure, Ravel and Stravinsky Passed cancer 56y 1918 ```
123
Debussy Titlez
``` Orch: Prelude, La mer, Images, Nocturnes Solopiano; suite bergamasque, pour le piano, Estamps Vocal: french art, Beau Soir, Mandoline Operas: Peleas et Melisande Ballet: Jeux Chamber: SQ, conatad violin ```
124
Bizet's Carmen style
``` 1875 Lyric Tragedy Mezzo lead New opera style didnt fit in Librettists Meilahc, Halevy (famous family) Celebrated the erotic/ exotic Spain ```
125
Carmen plot
Carmen: feme fetal Don Jose: hot tempered dummy About the dangers of womenly wiles Carmen: rebellious bird cannot b tamed, gypsy Don Jose falls in love Lossed everything then looses her and he kills her
126
Bizet Carmen Cigarett girls
'The perfumed smoke dissappers in the air' Fleeting love is not worth it Ends: 'maybe never, maybe tomorrow, not today'
127
Carmen Habenera
``` Rebellious bird Seductive chromatic descending line Meandering loyalty D min 2/4 Ostinato cello Im dangerous to love 3 versus: Chorus 'lamore' End: fate motif, falls in live with Don Jose. ```
128
Prelude
Keyboard improv short | Paired with fugue
129
Fugue
Structured, immitative contrapunctal | Single theme
130
Subject
First statment o main theme in fugue
131
Answer
Second statement in main theme fugue | Dominant key
132
Real answer
Exact transposition o the subject
133
Tonal answer
Statement of subject: intervals ajustednto fit harmony
134
Countersubject
A recurring counter melody | With subject+answer
135
Episode
Passage in fugue no subject or answer | Frequently sequential
136
Augmentation
Thematic material longer time values
137
Stretto
To tighten | Overlap subjects
138
Inversion
Thematic material upside down
139
Diminution
Thematic shorter time values
140
Pedal point
Sustained note harmonies change
141
Tierce de Picardie
Minor key ends in tonic major | Common in Baroque
142
Igor Stravinsky Intro
1882-1971 Widest knwin: music in Fantasis the Disney movie *ballet main genre
143
Stravinsky early
``` Born 1882 Russia near StPetersberg Father opera singer, mom singer Well to do, parents discouraged music Law school, private music theory Met RimskyKorsakov in law ```
144
Stravinsky middle
``` Married Early Orchestra Fireworks impressed Ballets Russe director Early Ballets: firebird, petrushka 1913 Rite Spring unconventional Sucess later WWI, went to Switz 1917 Russian rev Went to Paris in 1920 ```
145
Stravinsky late
``` Stylr became neoclassical Visited US1930s Lectured at Harvard 1939 Settled in LA b4 WWII Worked with Robert Craft Died 1971 in New York ```
146
Stravinsky Early Style
``` Russian nationalist folksong dance Primitive Stabbing rhythms Dissonant, polytonality polymeter Petrushka Chord Firebird, Petrushka, rite of spring(pt2 diff time sig every bar) ```
147
Ripieno
Mainstrings
148
Terraced dynamics
Loud then soft in diff sections
149
Stravinsky transition style
1914-1920 More intimate WWI Seeds of neo Classical the wedding, the soldier's tale
150
Stravinsky Middle Style
``` 1920-1954 Style changed: paired down NeoClassical formal design, more reserved and balanced: detachment Euro: Sym of Psalms, oedipus rex American: Ebony concerto The Rake's Progress Apollo ballet ```
151
Stravinsky Late Style
``` 1954-1971 Used schoenberg's 12 tone Texture inspired by Anton Webern Explored miniatures Agon ballet, canticum Sanctum 1966 ```
152
Stravinsky titles
Ballet; Firebird, Petrushka, the rite of Spring, Pulcinella, The Card Party, Agon, Apollo Orch: symp of Wind instr 1925 Concerto piano and wind, violin con D, Ebony concerto, Sym C, Dumarton Oaks concertos Choral: Symp Pslams, Threni, Canticum Sanctum, Requiem Canticles Stage: the nightingale, The wedding, The soldier's tale, The Flood Opera: Mara, The Rakes Progress Oro: Oedipus Rex 1930
153
Petrushka Style
Ballet petrushka Chord: C+F# Flutter tongue: new technique Themes to represent diff characters
154
Petrushka general details
Ballet 1911 Choreogr: Michel Fokine Story: Stravinky and Alexandre Benois- Russian folk Large orchestra +piano, xylophon, celesta. Russian +French orchestrac Charac: Showman, Shaman(magcian), theee puppets: Petrushka, Ballerina, The Moor) Set in St Petersberg 1830's
155
Petrushka plot summary
Puppet comes to life, can love but ends tradgic: ballerina goes with the moor, who fights him and Petrushka's head comes off with straw 1st tabl: Shrovetaide fair Crowd, large puppet theater main attraction Puppets come to life and dance 2 tabl: Petrushka room Human emotion: love for Ballerina Tries to escape Ballerina doesnt return affextion 3 tabl: Moors room Ballerina attracts him, he tries to impress Petrushka is chased by moor 4 tabl: Sheovetaide Moor kills petrushka Showman shows Petrushka as puppet petrushka's ghost haunts the area
156
Petrushka 1st Tableau Details
``` Vivace Rondo ABACABA Pentatonic melody in flute Changing meter syncopation Courful orch ``` Sec A: Ostinato cello, woodw Violin- folk Drum- showman SecB: wandering minstrels Russian folksong Volochebniki Homorhythmic, 5note desc figure Sec C: Hurdy Gurdy Dance tune: triple meter clarinet Mimmics hurdy gurdy sound Second dance flute duple meter: plagerized Shaman: Lento, free form Flute cadenza: animiating puppets Magician chords very novel then BAM ``` Puppets dance Allegro Rondo petrushka - trumpet high A: piano/xylo brisk parallel B: obie string russian folk Short ostinatos Love theme- clarinet duet Sudden ending with ling trumpet note. ```
157
Leonard Bernstein Summary
``` 1918-1990 Larger than life personality Multifaceted musician talent Sensed medias roll in popularizing music Music had energy an optimi like PostWar America Trained at Harvard and Curtis Institute Combined AfroAm jazz and Latin dance:popular ```
158
Bernsteins Style
``` Infku Classical forms American + hispanic + jewish Jazz pop musica theater Virant orchestra, melodic style Rhythm from dances Dissonat, neoclassical ```
159
Bernstein Titles
Musical: On the Town, Wonderful Town, West Side, Candide opera: Trouble in Tahiti, A quiet place Ballet: fancy free, facsimilie, dybbuk Film sc: on the waterfront Chorus/orch: chichester Psalms, songfest, mass Orch: 3 symp, 1: Jeremiah, 2: Age of Anxiety, 3: Kaddish Chanber: prelude, fugue and riffs
160
West Side Story general
``` 1957 Cultural mosiac new york 1950's Jets American VS Sharks Puerto Rican amazing dance scenes Serious + pop Tradgic ending unprecedented Librettist: Arthur Laurents playw, Stephan Sondheim lyr Chor: Jerome Robbins Film: Robert Wise, Jerome Robbins 1961 ```
161
West Side Story plot
``` Charact: Maria sop, Tony ten bernardo bar Riff bar anita- mezzo ``` ``` 2 gangs are shown Maria and Tony meet at a dance Gangs fight, Bernardo stabs Riff Tony kills Bernardo Tony stabbed by Sharks, Maria finds him dead ```
162
West Side, "Maria"
``` SunG BY Tony Just after metting B to Eb Time: C Chant/ intone worship Maria Modal harmony, free rhythm Tritone, angular motif: yearning Melody broad arc Back to chant higher diff key Orch: lush strings, timoani climax ```
163
West Side "America"
Sung by Perto rican girls Anita Behind bernards house Clever: hopes and faults of American dream ``` Intro: Peurto Rico - ambiguos tonality Latin sound: wood blocks Rhythmic ostinao Undulating line, spanish guitar Anita repaonds with America love Breezes: word painting ``` America Cmaj, jazz mod Call and response argument
164
Alexina Louie summary
``` 1949- Canadian, Vancouver Tradi+contem Euro+Asian+ aboriginal Humor Born Vancouver ArTC rcm piano perf ubC undergrad, master U Calif Taughin Cal Settled Toronto Esprit Orchestra: canadian new music ```
165
Louie Titles
Keyboard: music for piano, dragon bells, scenes from a jade terrace, fast forward Chamber: demon gate, edges Orc: music for heaven and earth, the eternal earth, o magnum for Glen Gould Film sc: the five senses, last night Vocal: the scarlet princess, toothpaste, Burnt toast
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Distant Memories
Arch form: ABCBA A: senza misura: flared beam real time B: quasi berceuse: metered, time sig change, gentle rock, harmon static C: piu mosso, forward tempo, homophonic, bassline chNged
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Mozart Early
1756 born Salzburg Austria Piano prodigy, performed at 6 Toured Paris, London, swt met Bach 9 yrs toured performed
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Mozart middle yrs
As Concert master for 4 yrs: sym, SQ, sonata opera, ciolin concert, piano concerto 9: 21yrs Left Austria 21, poverty return home mom sick: court organist: Coronation mass ``` 23: vienna freelance Opera Die Enthfuhrung Met Constanze Bach handle infl: Magic Flute, Sym 41 Friend w Haydn Prolific paid Marriage Figaro, Don Giovanni ```
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Mozart later
``` Chamber composer Emporer Joseph II Warring country, low money the magic flute, Requiem, piano concerto Bb Last perform 1791 piano coned Bb Died 1791 ```
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Mozart Titles
``` 40 Sym: 38: Prauge, 41: Jupiter 27 piano concerto 23 SW Sonatas, fantasies, variations 20 opera: Don G, Cosi fan tutti, marriage, magic flu, Vocal leider, concert arias, motets and masses, Coronation mass, requiem mass ```
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Antonio Vivaldi bio Style 2
``` 1678-1741 Violin and conductor Venice Cathlic prist red hair Composer of oper but concertos were famous ``` ``` Dev 3mov concerto Ritornelli form alot Idiomatic strings Virtuoso string Program Asymettric phrase Inventive, animated Itslian colour, movem rhythm drive Sense of what came next Concertos: multiple combinations ```
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Vivaldi Titles
``` >400 concertos, >200 violin Op3: l'esto armonico Op8: The Four Seasons Op9: Harp ---op12 English concertos 9concerti Cmaj RV558 >40 operas: Orlando Furioso, Griselda Sacred: oratorio, Juditha Triumphs, motets and Gloria ```
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Vivaldi La Primavera Spring
1725 Solo violin concerto the contest between harmony and inspiration ``` mov1: emaj Allegro 4/4, C Ritornello Theme1: spring comes Theme2: birds Theme3: mur brook undulating vi Theme4.thunder light 32ndnotes ``` ``` Mov2:C#min largo 3/4 goatherd and dog binary Solo violin- goatherder Violin dotted rustling leaves Viola dog No cello ``` Mov3: Emaj Allegro 12/8 ritorn Nymphs and shepards Bass bagpipe drone Lilting meter - dance
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Bachs ppl
``` johann christoph- older brothe raised Lubeck- influ Carl Phillip son Maria Marbara wife Wilheim Friedmann son Duke Weimar pAtron Prince Cothen patron friend Anna magdelena wilcke wife2 Johan christian son Johann christoph son ```
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Handels ppl
``` Prince Ferdinand de medici prince Francesco Maria RuspolI george ludwig Elector Hanover queen anne Earl of Burlington Duke Chandos ```
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Mozarts ppl
``` Emperor Joseph II Lorenzo da Ponte- librettist Haydn friends Constanze Weber wife Emanuel Schikander librettist magic flute lLeopold II king Bohemia ```
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Haydn ppl
``` Count Ferdinand von Morzin Esterhazy: Prince Nickolai Maria anna keller wife George thomson- songs 445 Napolean ```
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Beethovens ppl
``` Christian Gottlob Neefe teacher Lorchen love Napolean Caspar brother Karl nephew Johanna sister in law ```
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Schuberts ppl
``` Salieri Johann Micheal Vogl Johann mayrhefer Schober Goethe ```
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Chopin ppl
Jozef Elsner teacher Warsaw conservatorie George Sand, Aurore dudevant
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Berlioz ppl
Harriet Smithson
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Debussy ppl
Mallaerme | Baudelaise
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Stravinsky ppl
``` Rimsky-Korsakov Katerina Nossenko wife Diaghilev pablo picasso Robert craft ```
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Jojann Senastian Bach | General
``` 1685-1750 Musical family Baroque craftsmanship Always wrote with intention, Awareness Religious artist/scholar ```
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Bach early
``` Born in Eisenach Germany 1685 Orphan, brother taught him Greek latin theology Virtuoso organ violin Instrument repair 16: organist and vioinist Luneberg 18: first job rebuilt organ ```
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Bach Armstadt Mulhausen
Court violinist chamber musician org 1705- left to meet Buxtehude in Lubeck 1707 married Wrote first contatas ( too hard for singers)
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Bach Weimar
``` 1708-1717 canata period 3d in com Court organist under Duke Weimar Famous organ works Lutheran service: canata chorale prelude 1717 one month jail ```
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Bach Cothen
``` 1717-1723 Instrumental period More $ less duty Kapellmeister Prince Leopold Cothen friend No music in church Calvinist Well Tempered Clavier bk1 Remarried Anna Wilcke two child Brandenberge concertos POP 4 orch suites, lute suites, 6 unacc violin ```
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Bach Leipzig
``` 1723-1750 Cantor St Thomas School Teaching comp dire church serv Director Collegieum musicim Uni Goldberg varjations Art of Fugue Wrote 1 canata a week, 5 yrs 1942 Well Tempered Clavier bk2 1750 died stroke ```
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Bach Style
High baroque Religious: christian events focus Highly mathematical, constructivist, used chorael to anchor opening chorus German+French+italian
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Bach Titles
Keyboard: notebook for Anna mag for wilheim friedman. Well Temp, tocattas 6 french and 6 eng suites, italian concertos, fantasy and fugue Organ: chorale preludes passacaglia fugues Chamber: 6 unac viol and cello Orch: 6 brandenberge concertos, 4 orch suites, vili harp concertos Vocal: 200 cantatas, passions St matthew St john mass B min
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Handel Titles
Opera: Rinaldo, GiuliomCesare, serse, orlando Oro: messiah, judas maccabeus, israel in egypt Sacred: ofe for saint cecilia, Te Deum Kryboard: organ harp Orch: suites(water music, music for royalmfireworks) concerti grosso, organ concertos Chamber: trios and sonatas
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George Frideric Handel sumary
``` 1685-1759 Vortuoso violinist and organist Esteemed conductor German + italian + french + english Got italian opera style stuck in his head ```
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Handel early
1685 born Halle Germany Father well off surgeon/barber did not approve music career Made him study lay Studied music after w died
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Handel Hamburg
1703-1706 Violinist and harpsichordist Opera orchestra Wrote Almira, Nero
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Handel Italy
``` 1706-1710 Prince Ferdinand de medici prince Francesco maria ruspoli Absorbed italitan as seen in operas, oro and concertos Visited major cities ```
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Handel Hanover
1710-1712 | Kapellmeister George Ludwig Elector of Hanover
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Handel London
``` 1712-1759 Anuity Queen Anne 1714 elector becomes king Erl Burlington an Duke of Chandos patrons 1719 founded Royal Academy of Music for opera Famous singers Faustina and Francesca 1728 brittosh subject 1742 Messiah premeried Dublin sucsses 1753 retired, failing eyesight Passes away at Westminster abbey ```
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Handels messiah general
``` Test to internationals Oratorio 1742 librettist Charles Jemens 1: prophecy of christ and birth 2: christ suffeing snd death, spread doct 3: redemption of the world 4 solo, string orch + continuo, oboe, bassoon. Trumpet and timpani ```
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Handels messiah overturn
``` Sinfony French overture A rep , B E min Time: C ``` Sec A: Grave homophonic Dotted rhythm Elegant, grand, awe but sad SecB: allegro moderato, polyphonic fugal 3 voices , into violin oboe Real fugue answr 2.3voices Words spread out to the world
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Handels messiah There Were Shephards
Recit secco soprano C maj Time: C There were shephards adibing in the field, keeping watch over their flocks by night' Recit accom Fmaj Andante TimeC and Lo' the angel of the Lord came, shone they were afraid -excited accomp Recit secco Dmaj, TimeC And the angel said fear not good tidings born this day Christ the Lord Recit acc Dmaj timeC And suddenly all angels praise God saying...
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Handels Messiah Glory to God
``` Chorus dmaj Allegro C Glory to God Peace^ earth dwn ``` Rejoice greatly sop aria Bb maj Allegro C ABA Rejoice high leaps runs excited Greatly emphasize sec B Gmin He is the righteous saviour, speak peace unto the heathen Contrast: legato minor homophonic slower diff rythm
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Handels Messiah Hallelujah
``` Chorus D mja Allegro C Hallelujha for the Lord omnipotent reigneth ``` Homoeythmic texture grand wide the masses Immitative polyphony and he shall reign Climax progressions Hallelujah
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Schubert early early
``` Born 1797 Vienna Father school master Learned violin and piano fromFather Played viola family SQ Imeperial Chapel Choir 9yrs Saleri taught theory and comp ```
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Schubert 2 large contributions
1: Leider: piano and voice changed forever 2: modulate distant keys no prep Shows profound phycological state Sense of alienation( out of body) chromatic modulation Extreme change mood state
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Carmen librettists
Ludovic Halevy | Henri Meilhac

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