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History 102 Midterm > History 102 Content Questions > Flashcards

History 102 Content Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

During the Second Industrial Revolution, what were 5 reasons the U.S experienced Fantastic economic growth?

A

1.plentiful natural resources
2. Expanding market
3. Growing labor supply
4. Capital
5. Friendly federal government.

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2
Q

What was the second Industrial Revolution made possible by? What did that thing do?

A

The railroad; opened new areas for production and new markets, developed time zones, encouraged national brands vital to national economy

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3
Q

What were important innovations during this time.

A

The Atlantic cable, the phonograph, the motion picture camera, batteries, the telephone, trolleys, the typewriter, handheld cameras

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4
Q

What do trusts do?

A

Rival companies under the leadership of a single director.

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5
Q

Who was Andrew Carnegie

A

U.S immigrant of humble origins. Vertically integrated steel company, all modes of production controlled by one company. Carnegie dominated the steel industry by the 1890s.

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6
Q

Who was John D. Rockefeller

A

A man of humble beginnings he began to buy out rival oil companies “horizontal expansion“ followed Carnegies, vertical expansion model. By the 1880s Rockefeller control 90% of the nations oil industry.

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7
Q

Explain how it was to have a job during the gilded age.

A

Skilled workers could secure higher wages
Most workers were unskilled and received very low wages
Long hours, no benefits or protections
Dangerous working conditions

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8
Q

Explain the difference between how the rich and the poor lived during the Gilded Age

A

The richest 1% owns more properties in the other 99% of people
A growing middle class creates new urban and suburban neighborhoods.

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9
Q

What was the logical conclusion of free labor?

A

The homestead act of 1862

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10
Q

What is monoculture?

A

Monoculture is the growing of a single crop on the farm

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11
Q

Explain farming on the border

A

Farmers became more dependent on purchased goods and loans to purchase those goods farmers became vulnerable to economic fluctuations with an extremely diverse population

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12
Q

What becomes the agriculture during the Gilded Age?

A

Wheat and corn farming

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13
Q

What does the US become a great producer of?

A

Wheat and food

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14
Q

How does economic depression affect the price of farm products?

A

It pushes them down steadily

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15
Q

How did the lifestyle of the plains Indians Change over the course of the Gilded Age

A

They went from foot to horse
Horses and Buffalo central to the culture and economy

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16
Q

As boundary stretched for the Indians, what follows

A

The Navajo long walk and new peace policies

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17
Q

How did the US Army devastate the Indians

A

They use Civil War tactics

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18
Q

What happens after reconstruction in the south?

A

Southern states sponsor racism

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19
Q

Do southern states restrict the black vote

A

Yes

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20
Q

How did southern states restrict the black vote?

A

Poll tax, literacy tests, competency tests,

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21
Q

What gave the south the licensure to segregation

A

Plessy V Ferguson

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22
Q

What is lynching?

A

Torturing someone to death through “stay in your place” means.

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23
Q

Who is Booker T. Washington?

A

A black leader, who in 1895, gave a speech at the Atlanta cotton expo. He urged the black Americans to adjust to segregation. He also states that farms and skilled jobs are more important than civil rights.

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24
Q

Explain the woman’s era

A

Women were still denied the right to vote, although they attain for more economic independence.
They played a far greater role in public life
Arguments for suffrage aligned with Racial norms of the day

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25
What is American imperialism?
The Spanish, American war
26
How did the Spanish American war happen?
Spanish tactics offend Americans after the Cuban war of Independence flares up again on February 15, 1898 the USS Main blew up and sank in Havana Harbor. McKinley asked for war, and what ensued was the battle of Manila bay and the battle of Santiago bay
27
Why did Theodore Roosevelt become a national hero during the Spanish American war?
For his charge up San Juan hill
28
Explain the Filipino war.
In 1888 the US annex Hawaii and acquires the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam. Filipinos turned against the US McKinley decided to keep the islands
29
When did new immigration from southern and eastern Europe peak?
During the progressive era
30
What did the Chinese exclusion act do?
Bars, new immigration from China Japanese immigrate in small numbers
31
How much of the Mexican population immigrated to the US during the time period from 1900 to 1930
10% of the population numbering at 1 million Mexicans
32
Who was Henry Ford?
He established Ford Motor Company in 1905 his industry and business practice allows cars to be distributed to commonwealth people
33
How did the moving assembly line affect Fords product?
Ford cut cost on many things like tires and spokes on the wheel
34
What is the progressive era?
Nationalization of American life
35
How did national progressivism work?
National corporations dominate the economy, national organizers, organized to increase income and status national social problems Progressives believe in a national solution national government
36
Who was Theodore Roosevelt? And what did he do?
He is a conservationist He became the youngest president at 42 years old Is actively involved in foreign and domestic affairs He pushed for more federal regulation of the economy 
37
What is the square deal?
States there is good and bad corporations 
38
Who is William Howard Taft?
He was the chosen successor of Roosevelt He was even worse Trust buster than Roosevelt Fired Gifford Pinchot Roosevelt formed the progressive party
39
Explain the election of 1912
It was a four-way contest between Taft, Eugene, V Debs, Woodrow Wilson, and Roosevelt
40
Explain the Monroe doctrine resurgence
Monroe doctrine was best known for its western hemisphere policy stating that European powers were obligated to respect the western hemisphere as the United States’ sphere of interest. Progressive presidents used this doctrine to invade Latin America in 1905
41
The Panama Canal
The Roosevelt corollary – Columbia refuse to secede the land Roosevelt then set a revolution of people who wanted the Canal once panama gains independence they allowed the US to own the canal land and build a canal When the canal was completed the canal cut 8000 miles off the trip from the east to the west coast.
42
The banana economy…
Dominating becomes a huge business during this time.
43
What is President Wilson’s moral imperialism?
American business profits equals foreign democracy Actually resulted in more military intervention Wilson intervened in the Mexican civil war US were treated as invaders
44
What is the decade of prosperity?
Begins with a sharp recession New industries come about Aviation is an industry now Factories adopted Fords, moving assembly line US produce 40% of the worlds goods Automobiles are key to economic growth
45
By 1929 85% of the worlds cars came from America 50% of US families had a car. From this, what industries grow?
Individual transportation of goods road construction, gravel production become huge deals
46
What was critical to consumerism?
Advertising
47
Women’s suffrage
When women get rights to vote it splits up all groups because they didn’t have a unifying goal Division for women’s movements Motherhood, individual autonomy, and the right to work
48
What did the equal rights amendment do?
Constitutional amendment that was promoted Supposed to remove any, and all differences between men and women Every major feminist organization, except the national woman’s party, opposed it
49
Is World War I a divisive issue with the US, why?
Yes, due to different mother countries, feminists, pacifists, and social reformers
50
What did Wilson declare during the great war?
Neutrality
51
What did naval circumstances guarantee during the great war?
US involvement
52
Who did businessman and bankers back during the great war
The British
53
During the great war, Wilson was pro…
British
54
What happens in April 1917
Wilson asks for war to fight against the Germans
55
What did the 14 points set the agenda for?
The next year’s peace, Congress
56
What happens in spring of 1918
American troops arrive en masse
57
What could World War I have done to the women’s suffrage Movement
Could’ve destroyed it, but it didn’t
58
Describe women during the great war
Most women suffrage leader supported the war efforts New generations of college educated activists Alice Paul was leader She used scandalous tactics like chaining herself to the White House fence
59
Why was the 19th amendment quick to be ratified in 1920
When Alice Paul was in prison, she encouraged many other women prisoners to go on a food strike Due to this food, strike guards were forced to force feed these women which led to harsh political opinions being projected at them leading the amendment to be ratified, because of how the prisoners were being treated
60
Explain prohibition during the Great War
New strength and vitality during the progressive era Employers urban reformers women and protestants tended to support prohibition contracts.
61
How did World War I aid in the prohibition movement
Beer was unpatriotic because of German breweries Green was needed for food not alcohol
62
What did the 18th amendment do?
Prohibits the manufacturing and sale of intoxicating liquor
63
How did World War I affect black Americans?
It did little for black Americans Racial discrimination continued in the nation, even the presidency
64
What is the Niagara movement?
Reinvigorate the abolitionist movement leading to in 1909 the national Association for the advancement of colored people witch strive to enforce the 14th and 15th amendments Unfortunately, little progress was made toward racial justice
65
Explain the great migration
During World War I, there’s an increase in production when blacks and whites move north more whites move north than blacks, but due to the north, having more jobs people moved up
66
What is the result of the great migration?
What does simultaneous dropping immigration as US produces more stuff to meet demands. The workers were not there. This resulted in thousands of manufacturing jobs to open up for Black labor, yet it was still normal for manufactures to exclude blacks
67
Were blacks using the great migration as a second emancipation
Yes
68
What were the disappointments of the great migration?
Restricted employment Rigid segregationist Excluded from unions
69
Explain strikes and communists
This is an era were communism is a real thing union strike used as a common tool for better conditions. It is important to note that the tactics that these strikers used were nativism to appeal to the native born workers with anti-immigration sentiments.
70
Explain the first red scare
Sparked by steel strikes Short-lived Political intolerance time period In the US.
71
Who is General Mitchell a Palmer
He carried search warrants that were very broad over 5000 people were arrested without warrants, which is very unconstitutional mean he held for months without charges
72
President, Wilson, and the treaty of Versailles
End of World War I has a huge impact on Europe in the US president. Wilson attends Versailles to pushes for 14 point plan He turned out to not be as good of a debater as his French and English friends were
73
What was one of the biggest points out of the 14 points that Wilson pushed
No more secret treaties
74
What else did the 14 points call for
Self-determination and the league of nations
75
President Wilson, in the treaty of Versailles, part two
He failed to push his 14 points. The treaty of Versailles was a harshly, oppressive document, German territory ceded German army and navy restricted Germany blame for war Germany forced to pay massive reparations
76
Explain the growth of civil liberties
After WWI US government became more conservative
77
Explain postwar censorship
Postal Service could sensor many things if they deemed obscene in Boston books would be censored Repression Censorship “Banned in Boston”
78
What is the Hayes code?
Firm industries, self-imposed restriction
79
What was banned according to hays code?
Nudity Long kisses Clergy negatively Adultery
80
What is the ACLU?
American Civil Liberties Union Grows into a powerful voice for civil liberties
81
Explain fundamentalist Christianity
Discuss the literal truth of the Bible Fundamentalists come up around this time going back to the basics
82
Why was there a campaign to counter modernism?
Because modernism is destructive to Christianity
83
Explain the second KKK
Americans were obsessed with the 100% Americanism idea The klu klux klan reemerged as a nation wide organization with deep roots in west and north. It was predominantly anti-catholic and antisemitic.
84
Harlem…
The great migration Harlem equals the capital of black America with jazz clubs, dance halls and speakeasies There is also widespread poverty
85
What is the Harlem renaissance?
Vibrant, black, cultural community Countee Cullen Langston Hughes Claude Mccay Black values black experience Protest “If we must die”
86
What happens on black Thursday?
The stock market crashes in five hours over $10 billion simply disappears
87
What is the open door policy
In 1899 open door policy, US demand that European people grant access to Chinese markets

History 102 Midterm (2 decks)

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