History 102- Final Exam Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is a paradigm?
A set of assumptions, concepts, and values that define a worldview.
What is the Copernicus/Heliocentric Model?
Earth and it’s planets revolve around a fixed sun at the center of the solar system.
Who was known as the father of Astronomy and one of the first scientists to use a telescope to view the skies?
Galileo Galilee
What are Textile Mills?
Factories that produced fabrics and were the first successful industry of the scientific revolution.
Who developed the first efficient and profitable steam engine?
James Watt
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
An underground organization who protested unfair taxes and supported boycotts of British goods.
What were the first two battles in the American revolution?
Lexington and Concord in April of 1775
What was the Estates General?
The representative body of France pre-revolution that was composed of three states: the first was clergy, second was nobility, and third was the commoners.
A royal prison that housed the King’s enemies and a large arsenal of weapons.
The Bastille
Who was the most influential member of the National Assembly that took control during the chaos following the royal executions.
Maximilian Robespierre
What was the 1873 three Emperor’s League?
A formal alliance between Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany.
What countries were in the Triple Alliance?
The alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy against France and Russia.
What was the secret alliance treaty with Russia that Bismarck signed promising neutrality if either nation got involved in a war?
The Russian German Reinsurance Treaty of 1887
What is nationalism?
Pride in your nation and the belief that your people are the best people.
What did Balkan Nationalism contribute to WWI?
It ignited tensions in Europe that led to the war, as the region had valuable resources and land desired by other European countries.
Who made up the Triple Entente?
The alliance formed between Great Britain, France, and Russia.
Who was Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand?
The heir to the Austrian throne who’s visit to Sarajevo led to his assassination. This event is credited as the start of WWI.
What was the first major battle of WWI, and what happened?
The Battle of the Marne (Sept 1924) it was an attempt to defend Paris from the German advance. allied powers managed to keep Central powers out of Paris.
What was the allied assault against Central Powers and holds the record for most men killed in one day; 58,000?
The Battle of the Somme (July 1-Nov 18)
What happened to the Lusitania in May of 1915?
It was a passenger shop that was torpedoed by the Germans off the coast of Ireland because they knew the U.S. was using it to smuggle weapons and supplies.
What were the demands of the Treaty of Versailles?
-War guilt clause: Germany takes full blame
-reparations: Germany must pay all damages
-Military Restrictions: Germany to cut army to 100,000 with a heavily reduced navy
-Territories: give back all the conquered land
-Demilitarized Zone: all land 30 mi East of the Rhine river was to be unarmed by Germany
-required all nations must consult with the league of nations before declaring war.
What is Eugenics?
A form of biological racism that states not only are there certain races less than others but they are genetically inferior and must be eliminated.
What was the Rhineland?
The demilitarized zone installed by the Treaty of Versailles that Hitler invades, placing troops right next to the French border.
What happened to Poland on Sept 1st,1939 and why?
Hitler invades Poland. He believed the European nations were weak and did not believe in their threats to declare war.
