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English > history > Flashcards

history Flashcards

1
Q

14 Points

A

Woodrow Wilson made these points that he thought would help bring stability back to Europe. Focuses on everyone. Intention to stop another war.

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2
Q

Abdicate

A

To give up a position of authority

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3
Q

Ace

A

A fighter pilot who has shot down five enemy aircraft

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4
Q

Armistice

A

An agreement by warring parties to end hostilities

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5
Q

Artillery

A

Large guns used to fire shells

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6
Q

Assimilation

A

Adoption of the customs and language of another cultural group so that the
original culture disappears

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7
Q

Attrition

A

A strategy based on exhausting the enemy’s manpower and resolves before yours are exhausted, usually involving great losses on both sides

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8
Q

Autonomy

A

The power to govern oneself and make one’s own decisions

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9
Q

Balance of Power

A

A distribution and opposition of forces among nations such that no single nation is strong enough to assert its will or dominate all the others

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10
Q

BEF/CEF

A

They contributed to a growing sense of national identity for the colony of Canada.

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11
Q

Biplane

A

An airplane with two sets of wings, one on top of the body and one underneath

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12
Q

Black Hand

A

A terrorist group of Bosnian Serbs that was determined to free Bosnia from Austria-Hungary

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13
Q

Bolshevik

A

Social revolutionaries (the Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party), overthrew the Provincial Government promising the war-weary public “peace and bread”.

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14
Q

Byng Boys

A

The nickname Carers were called because Julian Bygn was their leader who helped them train which had allowed them to win

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15
Q

Canary/Canaries

A

women working in the factories getting poisoned by TNT

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16
Q

Casualty

A

Those injured, killed, captured or missing in action

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17
Q

Chlorine gas

A

was a green (with a tin of yellow) coloured gas that smells like pineapple and pepper. It is heavier than air. If someone inhales they will experience pain in throat and chest, felt like suffocation, vomiting, ect.Lips and falmouth dried up. Weak feeling in legs.

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18
Q

Communist

A

One who believes that property and the production and distribution of goods and services should be owned by the public and that the labour force should be organized for the benefit of all;

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19
Q

Conscientious Objector

A

A person who opposes war for religious or moral reasons

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20
Q

Conscription

A

Forced enlistment in the armed forces of all fit men of certain ages

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21
Q

Convoy

A

A group of ships travelling together protected by an armed force

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22
Q

Dogfight

A

Aerial duel between aircraft

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23
Q

Dreadnought

A

Largest and fastest battleship in the world, launched in 1906. Britain created this when Germany wanted to make its navy larger. This ship cost over $10 dollars. Means “Fear Not”

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24
Q

Duckboard

A

Placed at the bottom of the trenches to cover the sump-pits, the drainage holes which were made at intervals along one side of the trench.

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25
Q

Enemy Alien

A

A national lying in a country that is at war with his/her homeland

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26
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

One’s ethnicity is the centre of the world and it should be spread to all other peoples to make them better.

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27
Q

Fire step

A

So that soldiers in front-line trenches could fire through the parapet, a fire-step was dug into the forward side of the trench. The fire-step was 2 or 3 ft high.

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28
Q

Head tax

A

The fee that Chinese immigrants were required to pay after 1885 in order to enter Canada

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29
Q

Homesteader

A

Newcomers who claim and settled land

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30
Q

Imperialism

A

The policy of one nation of acquiring, controlling or dominating another country or region

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31
Q

Indian Act

A

An act created to regulate the lives of the First Nations of Canada

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32
Q

Internment Camp

A

A government-run camp where people who are considered a threat are detained

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33
Q

Khaki election

A

The name was given to the 1917 federal elections because of Borden’s efforts to win the military vote

34
Q

Last Hundred Days

A

The final allied offensive against the central powers on the Western Front from Aug 8 - Nov 11, 1918

35
Q

Lusitania

A

A British passenger liner (1915) that was sunk by a German U-Boat.

36
Q

MacAdam Shovel

A

A piece of equipment given to the Canadian army in WW1. It is designed to dig with it and use it as a shield to shoot. It was impractical

37
Q

Merchant Marine

A

Civilian ships and sailors that transported food, weapons and munitions

38
Q

Metis

A

France came to Canada for beavers, never left and started families. They are a mix of native and French)

39
Q

Militarism

A

A nation’s policy of enlisting, training, equipping and maintaining armed forces ready for war

40
Q

Military Service Act

A

A 1917 Act that made conscription compulsory for all Canadian men between the ages 20-45, calling up the younger man first.

41
Q

Mobilization

A

Call another country to fight (To move) Ex. Russia mobilizes its armed forces

42
Q

Mustard gas

A

Was a blistering gas, smelt like mustard and nastiest gas. Causes injury and suffering. Was very corrosive on the skin and caused blistering and scarring (Inside and outside of the body). COuld cling to the ground for days

43
Q

Nationalism

A

Devotion to and support of one’s culture and nation, sometimes resulting in the promotion of independence

44
Q

No man’s land

A

The area between the trenches of two opposing forces

45
Q

Paris Peace Conference

A

A meeting in Paris in 1919 to discuss the terms of a peace agreement after the First World War

46
Q

Patriotism

A

Devoted love, support and defence of one’s country; national loyalty

47
Q

Profiteering

A

Making a profit by raising prices on needed goods or producing poor-quality materials

48
Q

Propaganda

A

Information, usually produced by the government, is presented in such a way as to inspire and spread particular beliefs or opinions.

49
Q

Pull Factors

A

Ex. job (self-employment)/ 60 acres of land, family connections, freedom of religion

50
Q

Push Factors

A

Ex. War, poverty, economy, government corruption, persecuted, discrimination, violence, forced military

51
Q

Rationing

A

A civilian effort to consume less and conserve supplies on the home front

52
Q

Recession

A

A decline in the economy, resulting in lower levels of employment and production

53
Q

Reconnaissance

A

A military search or exploration

54
Q

Residential Schools

A

Government-authorized schools, run by the churches, in which Aboriginal children lived apart from their families and were educated in Canadian culture

55
Q

Romanticism

A

Duty to fight for mother country, glory, adventure, see the world, hero

56
Q

Ross Rifle

A

A precise rifle best used by snipes. Given to the Canadian army in WW1. It was difficult to maintain, use and clean.

57
Q

Sapper

A

A soldier employed in the construction of fortifications. Trenches or tunnels that approach or undermine enemy positions.

58
Q

Sarajevo

A

Where the assination of Archduke Franz Fernidad and Archduchess Sophia took place

59
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

Germany’s plan to stage a two-front war with Russia in the east and France in the west

60
Q

Self-determination

A

The freedom for a group to form it own government

61
Q

Sharpshooter

A

A person skilled in shooting

62
Q

Shell shock

A

AKA PTSD, post traumatic stress disorder, the result of all these battlefields and trench conditions was a horrible mental illness. Is unable to cope any longer with the horrors surrounding them and their mind breaks down

63
Q

Slavic

A

Relating to peoples in eastern, southeastern and central Europe, including Russians, Serbians, Croatians, Poles, Czechs and so forth

64
Q

Sniper

A

A person who shoots from a hiding place, especially accurately and at long range

65
Q

Suffragist

A

A person who advocated that women should have the right to vote

66
Q

Thrift stamps -

A

Come in a book but for fuel, sugar, flour. Cut down on profiteering and so that no one hoards food

67
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

One of the treaties that ended the First World War; it imposed strict sanctions on Germany

68
Q

Trench Foot

A

A fungal infection of the feet caused by cold, wet and unsanitary trench conditions

69
Q

Tri-Plane -

A

An airplane with three sets of wings, one on top of the body and one underneath

70
Q

Triple Alliance (Central Powers) -

A

The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy prior to the First World War

71
Q

Triple Entente

A

The alliance of France, Britain and Russia prior to the First World War

72
Q

U-Boat

A

A German ship that was a threat because it travel underwater without being detected

73
Q

Ultimatum

A

A demand which if not met, will end a relationship or otherwise result in some serious consequence

74
Q

Unrestricted U-Boat Warfare

A

No restriction on who you can sink. 1915-1917 was when this stopped because of Lusitania

75
Q

Valcartier Camp

A

A camp in Quebec built in 4 weeks to house and train Canada’s soldiers

76
Q

Victory bond

A

Bonds issued by the Canadian government to support the war effort

77
Q

War Guilt Clause

A

An article in the Treaty of Versailles that made Germany responsible for starting the First World War

78
Q

Wartime Elections Act

A

An act gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charges

79
Q

Western Front

A

They are off fighting in western Europe during the First World War, characterized by trench warfare and inconclusive battles with heavy casualties on both sides

80
Q

War Measures Act (WMA)

A

An act the gives the federal government emergency powers during wartime, including the right to detain people without laying charades

81
Q

White Star Gas

A

AKA phosgene gas. Was colourless and the only way you could see it was through the smell of moldy hay . Is called white star because of the symbol drawn on the gas shells. Was deadlier than chlorine. Stole oxygen cells from a person’s body. Took 24-48 for symptoms to kick in.

82
Q

Zeppelin

A

Filled with hydrogen. Blows up when hit with incendiary bullets. Goes up high

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