history

Question 1

6 periods

Answer 1

Ancient Greeks, middle ages (500-1600), scientific revolution (1600-1700), Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900), The saga continues (1900s)

Question 2

Ancient Greeks

Answer 2

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Question 3

Socrates

Answer 3

the original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth, beauty and justice

Question 4

Plato

Answer 4

physical world not all that could be known, presence of universal forms and innate knowledge, abstract and unsystematic

Question 5

Aristotle

Answer 5

world’s first professor, studied based on order and logic, disagreed with Plato, believed that truth can be found in physical world

Question 6

Middle Ages

Answer 6

understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church, then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars

Question 7

Scientific Revolution

Answer 7

Rene Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes

Question 8

Rene Descartes

Answer 8

I think therefore I am, figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem

Question 9

dualism/ mind-body problem

Answer 9

Descartes, mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body

Question 10

John Locke

Answer 10

man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate, from experience

Question 11

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 11

human and animals are machines, sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)

Question 12

Enlightenment

Answer 12

most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)

Question 14

Immanuel Kant

Answer 14

minds were active, not passive

Question 15

Names from 1800-1900

Answer 15

Anton Mesmer

Question 31

Anton Mesmer

Answer 31

believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids;

Question 33

Franz Joseph Gall

Answer 33

created phrenology

Question 34

phrenology

Answer 34

the idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull

Question 36

Charles Darwin

Answer 36

NAME?

Question 38

J. Spurzheim

Answer 38

carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work, even when others proved theory wrong

Question 39

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 39

first to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius, used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics

Question 40

Eugenics

Answer 40

a plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species

Question 41

Gustav Fechner

Answer 41

founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics;

Question 44

Johannes Muller

Answer 44

physiologist, existence of “specific nerve energies”, taught Wilhelm Wundt

Question 45

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 45

founder of psychology,

Question 51

Herbert Spencer

Answer 51

father of the psychology of adaptation,

Question 55

Lamarckian evolution

Answer 55

the idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations

Question 56

William James

Answer 56

father of experimental psychology, in America doing what Wundt was in Germany, combining physiology and philosophy;

Question 60

Hermann von Helmholtz

Answer 60

sensation; hearing and color vision, foundation for modern perception research

Question 61

Stanley Hall

Answer 61

America's first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard;

Question 65

John Dewey

Answer 65

one of America's most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology;

Question 68

Edward Titchener

Answer 68

founder of structuralism,

Question 71

James Cattell

Answer 71

opened more psychology labs, thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt

Question 72

Dorothea Lynde Dix

Answer 72

movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization

Question 73

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 73

digestion, classical conditioning

Question 74

John B. Watson

Answer 74

founded behaviouralism;

Question 77

Nature vs. nurture

Answer 77

evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism

Question 79

Edward Thorndike

Answer 79

law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning

Question 80

B.F. Skinner

Answer 80

studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box, operant conditioning;

Question 82

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka

Answer 82

Gestalt ("whole") psychology, asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 83

Sigmund Freud

Answer 83

One of most important in clinical, abnormal, personality

Question 88

Alfred Adler

Answer 88

individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality:

Question 90

Carl Gustav Jung

Answer 90

felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories, Dreams, Reflections)

Question 91

Jean Piaget

Answer 91

cognitive development in children;

Question 94

Clark Hull

Answer 94

mechanistic behavioural ideas;

Question 98

Kenneth Spence

Answer 98

modified Hull's Performance = drive x habit theory

Question 99

Edward Tolman

Answer 99

behaviourist, valued both behaviour and cognition;

Question 103

Purposive behaviour

Answer 103

Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning

Question 104

Sign learning

Answer 104

Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour

Question 105

Clinical psychology

Answer 105

emerged after WWII, psychology research to a practical field

Question 106

Konrad Lorenz

Answer 106

founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression

Question 107

Carl Rogers

Answer 107

client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy, receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference

Question 108

Abraham Maslow

Answer 108

leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement

Question 109

Erik Erikson

Answer 109

8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined "identity crisis" of adolescence

Question 110

Victor Frankl

Answer 110

existential psychology;

Question 113

Logotherapy

Answer 113

Frankl; focuses on person's will to meaning

Question 114

Aaron Beck

Answer 114

cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking;