History Flashcards
(54 cards)
The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.
Popular Sovereignty
fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen’s entitlement.
Due process
During the 1500s-1600s when many scientific discoveries changed our views on the universe, chemistry, biology, physics, etc
Scientific revolution
A period from 1685-1815 when “Thinkers” and philosophers used science and research to try to solve society’s economic, social, and political issues.
The “Enlightenment”
“The view that a person’s moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form a society in which they live in”
The social contract theory (Thomas Hobbes)
The rights given to all humans, simply for the sake of being human
Natural Rights
The intellectuals of the 18th-Century Enlightenment
Philosophes (France)
A book or set of books giving information on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically
Encyclopedia
A political doctrine in defense of monarchal absolutism, which asserted that kings derived their authority from god and could not, therefore, be held accountable for their actions by any earthly authority such as parliament
Divine right theory
The system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives
Democracy
Diverse social movement, largely based in the United States, that in the 1960s and ’70s sought equal rights & opportunities & greater personal freedom for women
Women’s rights movement
Belief in benefits of profitable trading; commercialism
Mercantilism (w/tariffs)
A policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.
Laissez faire
International trade left to its natural course
Free-trade (No tariffs)
Monarchies
A king/queen inherits their power.
Absolute monarchy
A king/queen has unlimited power, often using “divine right”
A king/queen shares power with a wealthy class of nobels/land owners
Aristocracy
A king/queen shares power w/nobels and the people through elected representatives
Constitutional monarchy
A powerful leader gains/keeps power through force
Dictatorship
The people have the power to elect representatives and maybe even their leader
Democracy
In 1215, English nobles wrote the manga carta (great charter) to try to limit kings power. This lead to the…
Enlightenment.
Social system existing in medieval Europe in which ppl worked & fought for nobels who gave them protection and land in return
Feudalism
Secularism
Separation of religion from civic affairs and the state
What did English nobles do in 1215 lead to the enlightenment?
English nobles pushed for a Model Paviliament to further limit the king’s power
