History Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
_________ developed more effective air brakes and worked with alternating current in electricity.
A
George Westinghouse
2
Q
________ patented a process for making better steel more efficiently.
A
Henry Bessemer
3
Q
________ patented a telegraph system for use on moving trains.
A
Granville Woods
4
Q
________ devised a code of short and long electrical pulses to represent the letters of the alphabet for the telegraph.
A
Samuel F.B. Morse
5
Q
In Chicago, in 1886, an anarchist threw a bomb killing seven policemen at the _______.
A
Haymarket Riot
6
Q
This dispute included a shootout between strikers and Pinkertons.
A
Homestead Strike
7
Q
For the first time in American history federal troops used to intervene in a labor dispute during the _________.
A
Railroad Strike of 1877
8
Q
A court order was used to put an end to this dispute.
A
Pullman Strike
9
Q
Bringing together many firms in the same business is known as ____________.
A
Horizontal consolidation
10
Q
Gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development is known as ____________.
A
Vertical consolidation
11
Q
The process by which as production increases the cost of each item is lower is known as _____.
A
Economies of scale
12
Q
Periods of economic expansion followed by periods of depression are known collectively as the _______.
A
Business cycle
13
Q
A ___________ is a license to make, use or sell an invention.
A
patent
14
Q
A _____________ is a group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single management board and managed as a single unit.
A
trust
15
Q
A _________ is complete control of a product or service.
A
monopoly
16
Q
A ____________is a loose association of businesses that produce the same product.
A
cartel
17
Q
_______ is the theory that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people’s pursuit of wealth.
A
Social Darwinism
18
Q
The ____________ is the belief that people should be free to make as much money as they can, but after they make it, they should give it away.
A
Gospel of Wealth
19
Q
__________ is an economic system in which there is public, not private, control of property and income.
A
socialism
20
Q
___________ is a process by which workers negotiate as a single unit.
A
collective bargaining
21
Q
The amount that a worker creates in a given period of time is known as ____________.
A
productivity
22
Q
Creating goods in great amounts is known as ____________.
A
mass production
23
Q
___________ is a system in which workers are paid not by the hour but by what they produce.
A
piecework
24
Q
Producing goods in which different tasks are performed by different persons is known as ____________.
A
division of labor
25
An anarchist is a person who ___________________.
opposes all government
26
____________ developed the first practical light bulb.
Thomas Edison
27
____________ is credited with inventing the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell
28
__________ was a pioneer in the field of time and motion studies and published The Principles of Scientific Management.
Frederick Winslow Taylor
29
What was the big union that included men, women, black, white, skilled and unskilled workers?
Knights of Labor
30
What was the union that included only male, skilled workers?
American Federation of Labor
31
The government contributed to the building of the transcontinental railroad by _____.
awarding loans and land grants to private companies to build the railroad.
32
Which of the following revolutionized American communications in the late 1800’s?
the telegraph and telephone
33
Critics of powerful industrialists referred to them as _____.
robber barons
34
During the late 1800’s, children often worked in the factories because ______.
families needed the income to survive
35
Some employers forced workers to sign “yellow dog contracts” stating that ______.
workers would not join labor unions
36
______________ was an immigrant from Denmark whose book, How the Other Half Lives, showed the problems of the poor.
Jacob Riis
37
____ is using one’s job to gain profit.
Graft
38
Gilded means covered with a thin layer of______
gold
39
A __________ is a residential area surrounding a city.
suburb
40
What typically led an immigrant to achieve success in America?
Determination and hard work
41
__________was the famous author who named the post-Reconstruction era the Gilded Age
Mark Twain
42
The ______________ required competitive exams for government jobs and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds and could not be fired for political reasons.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
43
A ____ is a government payment to a key business.
subsidy
44
_____ is a time of isolation to prevent the spread of disease.
Quarantine
45
The practice of giving government jobs to friends, relatives and supporters is known as _____.
Spoils system
46
This was an organization designed to keep a particular group in power.
Political machine
47
A _______ is an area of a city in which one racial or ethnic group dominates.
ghetto
48
_____ is Immoral or corrupt behavior.
Vice
49
The practice of blaming Democrats for starting the Civil War was known as ______.
“Waving the Bloody Shirt”
50
____________ is a low-cost apartment building designed to hold as many families as possible.
Tenement
51
A _____ is an agreement among homeowners not to sell real estate to certain groups of people, such as Jews or African-Americans.
Restrictive covenant
52
How did the pattern of European immigration shift in the 1890’s?
From northern to southern and eastern Europeans
53
_____ led a march on Washington, D.C. to demand jobs for the unemployed.
Jacob Coxey
54
The followers of the _____ wanted to apply the teachings of Jesus to the problems of society.
Social Gospel
55
_____was the term for a community center organized to provide services to the urban poor.
Settlement house
56
_____was a ban om the manufacture and sale of alcohol.
prohibition
57
_____ was the founder of Hull House.
Jane Addams
58
What is the term for reducing or controlling the consumption of alcohol?
Temperance
59
____________ was the large open area beneath the ship’s deck in which many immigrants traveled.
Steerage
60
_________ prohibited certain private activities such as drinking alcohol on Sundays.
Blue Laws
61
______ is favoring those Americans born in the United States over immigrants.
Nativism
62
_____ was the inventor of the elevator.
Elisha Graves Otis
63
The __________ was one of the first laws to regulate railroads by outlawing, for example, the practice of charging different rates for different customers or charging more for short hauls than long hauls.
Interstate Commerce Act
64
_____ means government should have a limited role in economic matters or should stay out of the economy.
Laissez-faire
65
Assimilation
Process by which people of one culture become part of another
66
Grandfather Clause
Exemption from obeying a law
67
Jazz
Musical form known for experimentation and dances associated with it
68
Jim Crow
System of legal discrimination in the post-Reconstruction South
69
Literacy
The ability to read and write
70
Lynching
illegal seizure and execution
71
NAACP
Group who called for an end to discrimination
72
Negro Spiritual
African-American religious folk songs
73
Philanthropists
People who donate to worthy causes
74
Plessy V. Ferguson
Decision legalizing segregation
75
Poll tax
Special fee to be paid before voting
76
Ragtime
Music of melodies with shifting accents over a marching band-beat
77
RFD
Mail deliveries to rural areas
78
Vaudeville
Variety shows appropriate for the entire family
79
Yellow Journalism
“Sensational”, often lurid, reporting of current events
80
Local color
literature characterized by descriptions of the people and places of specific regions
81
What was one result of northern whites’ fear of racial equality?
Race riots
82
Who was Madam CJ Walker?
The prosperous owner of a mail-order business
83
What is the only major sport which has a single inventor and a well-known date and place of the first game played?
Basketball
84
By 1910, why had public-school enrollment reached a record high?
Passage of laws requiring attendance
85
What increased college enrollment in the late 1800’s?
The opening of many new schools
86
How did minstrel shows portray African-Americans?
As foolish imitators of white culture
87
Jim Crow laws and the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy V. Ferguson were similar in that both were designed to _________.
limit African American rights and liberties in the South
88
Which statement best describes the status of African Americans in the South in the Post-Reconstruction era?
African Americans found that gaining equal rights was very difficult.
89
Which development was a result of the other three
Racism in the South became institutionalized.
90
______________ was the leader of the Filipinos rebels fighting the Americans.
Emiliano Aguinaldo
91
This document promised that the U.S. would not annex Cuba.
Teller Amendment
92
This document stipulated that Cuba could not enter into any foreign agreements, must guarantee the U.S. two naval bases and the right to intervene if necessary.
Platt Amendment
93
________________ is a term used to describe a Central American nation dominated by United States Business interests.
Banana Republic
94
As a result of the peace treaty that ended the Spanish-American War the United States gained ___________.
The Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico
95
__________________ exploded in Havana Harbor and became a major cause of the Spanish-American War.
U.S.S. Maine
96
__________________ was the name of Teddy Roosevelt’s military unit.
Rough Riders
97
_______ is the settlement of a dispute by a person chosen to listen to both sides and come to a decision.
Arbitration
98
___________ means to join or attach.
Annex
99
He led the revolt against Queen Liliuokalani,
Sanford B. Dole
100
He wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History which caused the United States to strengthen the navy and create an empire.
Alfred T. Mahan
101
He was a newspaper publisher whose “yellow journalism” influenced public support for Cuban rebels.
William Randolph Hearst
102
____________ is the policy by a stronger nation of dominating weaker nations, economically, politically, culturally or militarily.
Imperialism
103
____________ is devotion to one’s country.
Nationalism
104
_____________ is a feeling of intense national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy.
Jingoism
105
In 2022, how many days are saved traveling through the canal instead of around the tip of South America?
30
106
Among Latin Americans, the United States’ actions related to the Panama created ______..
ill will toward the United States
107
Anti-imperialists argued that imperialism rejected the principle of ________.
liberty for all
108
What disease defeated the French and forced them to abandon their plans for canal through Panama?
malaria
109
This gave the U.S. a permanent 10 mile wide strip in Panama through which to build a canal.
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
110
This was an extension of the Monroe Doctrine which claimed that the United States would exercise an “international police power."
Roosevelt Corollary
111
______________ was the name for President Taft’s policy of encouraging American investing abroad.
Dollar Diplomacy
112
_______________ was a policy favoring open trade relations between China and other nations.
Open Door Policy
113
Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy can best be summed up with his favorite expression which was “Speak softly and carry a ________________ ; you will go far.”
Big Stick
114
The ________________ was a force of United States Navy ships that undertook a world cruise in 1907 to demonstrate the military power of the U.S.
Great White Fleet
115
16th Amendment
gave Congress the power to levy an income tax
116
17th Amendment
provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators
117
18th Amendment
prohibited the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages
118
19th Amendment
secured women the right to vote
119
direct primary
voters select candidates to run for political office
120
initiative
voters put issues and laws on the ballot
121
National Reclamation Act
planned and developed irrigation projects
122
Pure Food and Drug Act
prohibited deliberate mislabeling of products and required all ingredients to be listed
123
recall
voters can remove an official from office before the term is up
124
referendum
voters decide to approve or reject a law
125
civil disobedience
non violent refusal to obey a law
126
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
legalized strikes and peaceful picketing and exempted unions from anti-trust lawsuits
127
Muckrakers
investigative journalists who wanted to expose corruption
128
New Nationalism
the name for Theodore Roosevelt's reform program
129
New Freedom
the name for Woodrow Wilson's reform program
130
President Wilson established the Federal Reserve System to _____.
reorganize the federal banking system.
131
Woodrow Wilson won the Presidential election of 1912 partly due to ______
a split in the Republican vote.
132
A basic anti-suffrage argument was that women would ______
become too masculine.
133
According to journalist Henry George, how could Americans eliminate poverty?
by discouraging land speculation.
134
What action did Theodore Roosevelt take in the United Mine Workers’ strike in 1902?
He convinced both sides to submit to arbitration.
135
Over what were progressive Republicans angry at President Taft?
his handling of the Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
136
Which did municipal reformers favor in the early 1900’s?
city control of utilities
137
President Taft continued Roosevelt’s progressive program by _____
pursuing anti-trust cases.
138
Progressivism was diminished although the case for women’s suffrage was strengthened by _________.
World War I.
139
Which description characterizes Progressivism?
Progressivism was a reform movement that emerged in response to political corruption, the practices of big business, and problems associated with poverty.
Progressivism was a reform movement that emerged in response to political corruption, the practices of big business, and problems associated with poverty.
