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history Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

what was the industrial revolution?

A

an increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700s

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2
Q

what was the result of the agricultural revolution?

A

Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities.
Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.
Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners.

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3
Q

What were the three factors of production required for industrialization?

A

land, labor, capital

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4
Q

What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe?

A

industrialization

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5
Q

How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?

A

looked down upon

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6
Q

What did Britain do to keep industrial secrets from the United States?

A

forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country

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7
Q

What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?

A

not personally responsible for its debts

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8
Q

What is the laissez-faire policy?

A

Free market approach, all economic decisions made by producers and consumers, no government interference

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9
Q

What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?

A

unions

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10
Q

What are examples of reform movements?

A

public education,women’s rights,abolition of slavery

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11
Q

How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to the Industrial Revolution?

A

It led to population growth.

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12
Q

How did Britain’s economy affect the process of industrialization?

A

positively, by Britain’s highly developed banking system

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13
Q

What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British goods?

A

It launched the railway age, which brought transportation to a new level

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14
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?

A

It made the population grow faster than the housing supply

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15
Q

What factors most contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country

A

illness caused by unhealthy living conditions

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16
Q

In what way did the new middle class change British society

A

Some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society

17
Q

What was a key idea in the free-market system?

A

refuse to interfere in any economic matters

18
Q

What factor played a major role in the industrialization of the United States?

A

Native American slaves
railroad expansion
end of the Civil War

19
Q

What were legislative reforms in the 1800s?

A

In England, it became illegal to hire children under the age of nine.

20
Q

What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800s

A

to abolish slavery and the slave trade

21
Q

Why might the philosophy of communism have appealed to many 19th-century factory workers

A

because it would better their own lifestyle

22
Q

What made 18th-century Great Britain ideal for rapid and revolutionary industrialization

A

Success in international trade

23
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution occur in Great Britain before it occurred elsewhere in Europe?

A

It had banks of raw materials from its colonies