History

Question 1

Accession

Answer 1

process of joining the EU

Question 2

competence

Answer 2

authority to govern in a particular policy area

Question 3

conferral

Answer 3

the principle that the Union only has the power to act where such competence has been bestowed upon it by the MS

Question 4

enlargement

Answer 4

addition of new MS

Question 5

legal autonomy

Answer 5

independence of a legal system such that it it is legally bound by any other system except where it has specifically agreed to be

Question 6

ratification

Answer 6

formal consent to a treaty at the national level

Question 7

four freedoms

Answer 7

free movement of people, goods, services and capital

Question 8

Art 2 TEU

Answer 8

values of the UnionA

Question 9

Art 3 TEU

Answer 9

objectives of the Union
- Peace, values, well-being
- Area of freedom, security and justice without internal frontiers
- Internal market, sustainability, social well-being etc.
- Economic and monetary union
- Human rights in foreign policy

Question 10

Art 13-19

Answer 10

Institutions
- EP
- European Council
- Council
- European Commission
- CJEU
- ECB
- Court of Auditors

Question 11

Art 49 TEU

Answer 11

Accession criteria (Copenhagen criteria)

Question 12

Art 50

Answer 12

exit from EU

Question 13

Accession process

Answer 13

• EP consent, Council consensus
• Accession negotiations in 35 policy areas, called chapters – candidate country has to achieve EU benchmarks until every MS is satisfied
• Accession treaty

Question 14

limitations to EU competence

Answer 14

• conferral
• subsidiarity
• proportionality

Question 15

three levels of competence

Answer 15

exclusive, shared, supporting

Question 16

economic aspects

Answer 16

• internal market (=EEA + Iceland, Lichtenstein, Norway)
• European Economic Area
• European Free Trade Organization (Iceland, Lichtnstein, Norway, Switzerland)
• Eurozone

Question 17

Art 47 TEU

Answer 17

legal personality of the EU –> international treaties

Question 18

Treaty of Paris

Answer 18

• 1952
• ECSC
• F, G, Italy, Belgium, NL, Luxembourg

Question 19

Treaty of Rome

Answer 19

• 1958
• EEC Treaty
• common market
• F, D, Italy, Belgium, NL, Luxembourg
• Commission, Coucil of Minitsers, Court of Justice

Question 20

Euratom

Answer 20

1957, never fully realized

Question 21

Merger Treaty

Answer 21

• 1965
• one Council, Commission, ECJ, Assembly for European Communities

Question 22

Enlargements

Answer 22

1973 UK, denmark Ireland
1981 Greece
1986 Portugal, Spain
1995 Finland, Austria, Sweden
2004 Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

Question 23

Single European Act

Answer 23

• 1987
• large addition of competences
• European Council
• increased legislative powers of EP

Question 24

Treaty of Maastricht

Answer 24

• 1993
• renumbered and named EEC Treaty (Treaty of Rome) –> later TFEU
• established TEU
• two new pillars of EC: Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), Cooperation in Justice and Home Affairs (JHA)

Question 25

Treaty of Amsterdam

Answer 25

- 1999 - Art 2 TEU and Art 7 TEU introduced - ECHR justiciable

Question 26

Treaty of Nice

Answer 26

- 2003 - institutional reform - enhanced cooperation - amended Treaties to accommodate enlargement

Question 27

the failed Constitutional Treaty

Answer 27

- 2004 - ratification process failed in F, NL

Question 28

The treaty of Lisbon

Answer 28

- 2009 - EC Treaty renamed TFEU - legal status of ECHR - system of enhanced cooperation Art 20

Question 29

ratification of the ToL

Answer 29

- compromise with Ireland to retain Commissioner - Poland and czech Republic: opt-out of ECHR (no direct transfer to national systems)

Question 30

ECHR

Answer 30

- all MS are members - obligation to interpret and apply ECHR - limited to EU law - accession of EU to ECHR in progress, but complicated

Question 31

candidates for accession

Answer 31

- North Macedonia - Montenegro - Serbia - Albania

Question 32

re-distributive policies

Answer 32

- money directly to people - mainly subsidies for farmers

Question 33

distributive policies

Answer 33

- projects funded by EU - EU spendage high in absolute terms, low in relative terms (1.2% of collective GDP)

Question 34

regulatory policies

Answer 34

- focus of the EU - negative integration: removing barriers - positive integration: re-regulation (market or non-market)