history

Question 1

shah waliullah

Answer 1

born 21 Feb 1703

real name qutub-ud-Din

known as shah Waliullah due to his piety

his father owned madrassa rahimiya

SW teached at the madrassa

belived that the empire was in a decline and the muslims were disunited and vulnerable to attacks on islam

belived that it was due to the lack of knowlage of islam

and believed that india should be run on Islamic practices

using his knowlage of the quran hadith etc he converted the quran to persian which many muslims knew at that time brought him alot of fame tried to convience the muslims leaders to unite and fight the marathas they were defeated whoever the muslims leaders did not unite

importence was that he was the first muslims leader to thing of the state of islam and the mogahl empire in india his father madrassa played an importent role in other muslims leaders life and SW gave muslims insperation and a pure ilsamic life

Question 2

to write

Answer 2

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Question 3

to write

Answer 3

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Question 4

babur

Answer 4

first Mogul emperor of India

expanded the territory in 126

defeated emperor of delhi in the first battle of panipat and other indian cheifs

Question 5

Humayan

Answer 5

ruled for only 4 years

defeated by the afghan cheif sher shah suri and lost control over alot of land.

1555 resorted all his lost land but his reign was short lived as one year later he triped on his robes in his libery and fell to his death

Question 6

akbar

Answer 6

began his rule when he was on 13 years old

influenced by sufi beliefs and in 1581 made a new religon din-e-illahi was a mix of islam and hinduisum made to please his hindu wife

Question 7

jangir

Answer 7

allowed the british / EIC to start trading in india

Question 8

to do

Answer 8

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Question 9

to do

Answer 9

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Question 10

battle of british to do

Answer 10

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Question 11

war of independence

Answer 11

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Question 12

sir syed ahmad khan

Answer 12

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Question 13

creation of the indian national congress

Answer 13

many people both british and indian belived that the indians should have a party in which they could repersent indian views infront of british

28 December 1883 conference held under the name of Indian national unionin Bombay later the second conference in Calcutta the congress was then called the indian national congress

important creation for winning independence from British.

1887 secound meeting of the congress 236 delegates elected of thier provences

their aims where

educating india

and

persuading the British to end their unfair practices

at first congress had little success and was slowly dieing

bodies had little power despite this the british kept supporting the congress and gave it benefits

Question 14

Partition of Bengal

Answer 14

bengal was the largest province of india.

the west of bengal has 54 million indians

east had 31 million this was too large for the british to handel at the tume thus they were partitioned into east and west bengal viceroy curzon proposed the partition two years later it was dine in 1905

muslims were delighted due to the fact that ever since 1867 the british had mistreated the muslim however now the british has given them a provence where muslims where in majority.

Hindus didn’t like that the Muslims got their own majority Provence there was an assassination attempt and even stated the swadashi movement where they began boycotting British goods

British reaction was that they set up a restriction on press and public meetings started the press act 1908 6 years in prison for violating the press act

Question 15

simla deputation

Answer 15

wining muslims support for the british

wanted to improve realtionship and win support

muslims feared that the hindu movement would lead to the reversal of the partion of Bengal

muslims feared the indian national congress would be able to make hindi the national language or even muslism force conversion to Hinduism

seperate elections for local and provincial ellections

higher persentage of seats than the persentage of muslims in the provence.

importence was that is showed how the british has been changed by the work of sir syed and how the muslim british relation ship has improvise

Question 16

all india muslim league

Answer 16

aims

muslims felt that the lacked influence in india thus set up the muslim league

wanted to make sure that purely Muslims views where all so showed to the British

build on the good relation ship of the British and the muslims.

formation in 1906 in the 20th session ad called the party all india muslim league

objectives where to portect muslims rights and intusts

repersent muslims

promote muslims loyalty to british

prevent hostility of Muslims to british

Question 17

Morley-Minto reforms

Answer 17

British attempt to win the entire Indians support

by lord minto and secretary of state john Morley

1909

60+ members in imperial council

centeral executive increased seats by 60+

basically more seats

importence

gave more numbers in the indian councils as well as gave local populations more voice over india

seperate electorated for muslims

partys only made to give view and not control india hard for the Hindus to understand

Question 18

INDIA BEFORE WW1

Answer 18

Muslims saw the reversal of Bengal as a betrayal of the Muslims by the British

Indians realised morly minto reforms brought the Indian government no power at all

despite the work of sir syed Ahmad khan the british still mistreated the muslims thus muslims had lost all faith in the british

1912-13 british supported fighting against turkey however turkey had a big importance for islam thus muslims wernt happy with british supporting its distruction in the world war.

indian army played a big role in helping the british win the war

Question 19

impacts of the first world war

Answer 19

indians fought the world war with the british many indians lost thier lives

british in return gave no rewards to the indians that they demanded for like self rule

many anti british groups where created

1913 lala hardayal sent arms to india from america for the indians to have an armed opposition however indians were betrayed leading to many deaths with indian police in sep 1951 planed uprising in indian nationalist in punjab (easly put down by british)

silk letter conspiricy muslims put letters ingraved in the silks that were being exported to britin to try to breck free from the british FAILED

Question 20

Lucknow Pact

Answer 20

1915

British’s promise was broken of giving power to the Indians during the 1914 period thus the congress and the Muslim leagues bond grew away from the British and more toward the two party’s

which lead to the luck now pact

first session in Bombay.

Oct 1916 British attempted to help the situation of India by providing that at least half of the members of the executive council be elected, legislative council will have a majority of elected member the two party agreed with this however they wanted more

thus in 1916 they held another session in luck now with Jinnah and ghandi and other leaders attending both agree on there own that

Muslims should have rights to separate electorates and in other councils

Muslims have one third of seats in the councils

no act should be given by British effecting the community of India unless 3 and a quarter of council members support it

impotence

first muslims hindu unity and join demand to the british

marked an eye that india could self rule

showed muslims protecting their rights

Hindus agreed with the idea of separate electorates for Muslims

Question 21

Montagu-chelmsford reforms

Answer 21

November 1917

viceroy lord chelmsford and lord Montague

proposal more seats and two new subjects of diarchy one reserved and transferred reserved where only for the British control and gave them power over police justice press etc tr

transferred was for the Indian was the local government education public health etc

reaction of Indians

1919 British thought the Indians would be happy and welcomed with he new reforms however it was the opposite the Indians were seriously mad they felt that after the indians helpt the british in the war they desirved more than local powers thus protests and rioting began in india.

Question 22

Rowlatt act

Answer 22

controlling India’s anger

April 1918 felt that India’s anger should be dealt with law thus gave reforms which included

arrest with out warent

no bail

right of government to order people where to live

protests still contenued leading to arrest of leaders and deaths like ghandi and the amritsar massacre

Question 23

amritsar massacre to do

Answer 23

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Question 24

the non cooperation movement

Answer 24

march 1920

Indians lost faith in the British

British clothing burned

bought only Indian made clothes

teachers and students left English schools and collages

boycott of British items

British fight back by putting trouble makers in jail aka those who promoted the movement 30,000 people arrested.

large spread violence in india

NCM canceled in feb 1922 two years later.

Question 25

Growth of Communism

Answer 25

hindu’s and muslims’s brought togeather

ending of non cooperation movement did not bring india peace instead it lead to more rioting

Arya samaj tried to launched a foundation to purify the hindus lead to militant actions in 1924

Question 26

Pundit Mohan Malaviya

Answer 26

in punjab hindu sabhas had been involved in local politics since the 1890

congress man Pundit Mohan Malaviya brought a lot of them together in a party the Hindu mahasabha

believed that ghandis purification of hinduisum was a threat to hindus and later was acused in court for the assasination of ghandi in 1948

Question 27

growing divisions in the congress party

Answer 27

Hindu congress party split in the early 1920

at first opposed elections for council in 1920

little influence over India

1923 congress had a new policy swaraj party

growth in congress influence made the Muslims league worried that Hindus more worried about Hindu matters than the congress fighting for Indian’s rights

it was time for the muslim league to fight now

Question 28

delhi proposal

Answer 28

1927 jinnah called for a meeting in delhi

to discuss Muslims interests and how they should be protected for the future. thus they came with demands

one third more seats in CL and seperate electorates

Sindh full provincial status

more seats than population in provences

Question 29

Khilafat movement

Answer 29

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Question 30

Simon commission

Answer 30

1927 British attempt to restore Indian cooperation

thus due to the goverment of india act 1919 had a policy that every 10 years a repersentative from british should enter india and check on the reforms as set new reforms up

thus in 1927 chairman sir john simon for new reform and setle indias diffrences

protests indians wanted the British to leave india instead of give them more reforms to control india ferther thus protest with banners go back simon when john simon arived

Question 31

Nehru report

Answer 31

report

immedeate dominion status for india

india to be a federation with a two chamber parliament

no seperate electorates for any party

no state religion and men and woman have equal rights

Question 32

nehru report rejected

Answer 32

rejected becouse went against all muslims views that they had gotten from the british after alot of work

thus on jan 21 1929 the report was rejected

however jinnah did propose 4 possible changes to it

one-third seats for muslims

punjab and bengal have reserved seats for muslims for 10 years

two more

however the congress rejected this

Question 33

Jinnahs 14 points

Answer 33

…..

Question 34

more non cooperation movement

Answer 34

congress relaunched the non cooperation movement

on 12 march with ghandis salt march

near ahmatbad to Dandhi

becouse british baned selling of salt in india unless it was licensed by the british how ever the british salt was really expensive

boycott on british stuff.

jinnah disapproved the non cooperation movement

Question 35

Allahabad address

Answer 35

1930 famous philosophiser and poet Dr. Allama muhammad iqbal asked to chair a meeting of the muslim league in Allahabad

contribution

1st Muslim leader to suggest Muslims partion / Pakistan / two nation theory

views acted like an inspiration to the muslims

set up a goal for the muslims

Question 36

Round table conference

Answer 36

supported Muslims sperate electorate however did not support one-third of seats for Muslims in the assembly and the idea of sindh bewing separate from Bombay.

Question 37

First RTC

Answer 37

November 1930 held in London and attended by Muslims league and princely states congress refused to attend unless guarantee that the conference talk would be implemented they never attended this conference

princes would join federation of India as long as they had rights

British agreed that government should be intro at a provincial level.

same ground had been gained???

Question 38

Second RTC

Answer 38

feb 1931 ghandi met with viceroy lord Irwin first series of meetings

5 march 1931 ghandi Irwin pact

realised most political leaders and property seased by the British,

ghandi calls of the non cooperation campaign and attends the RTC

labour party lost power

ghandi had attitude LIKE A LITTLE BITCH

Question 39

communal award

Answer 39

1932 Ramsay MacDonald given the title of “a friend of the indians” thus he wanted to resolve there issues

congress rejected LIKE A LITTLE BITCH GHANDI (I GOT BEEF WITH THIS STICK MAN IDC IF HE IS DEAD)

Question 40

3rd RTC

Answer 40

November 1932

lord was replaced thus less prep for the meeting

non cooperation movement restarted by THAT LITTLE BITCH GHANDI (like tf bro stop tf happened to ghandi irwin pact??)

jinnah went into votary exile

Question 41

Rahmat Ali Pakistan National Movement

Answer 41

RA one of the young India Muslims studying in England

RA believed that there should be a partition in india between the hindu and muslims to give muslims an homeland

jinnah at first didnt agree witht the idea however RA did not stop in 1933 wrote a 4 page pamphelt called now or never to convince the muslims about a new homeland and he called it pakistan

Question 42

goverment of india act 1925

Answer 42

despite the RTC failures march 1933 the british wanted another attempt

White paper published for government talks

India be a federation

diarcy dropped to a provincial level

number of provinces increased

25% of India’s population could now vote for only Provencal elections

Question 43

1937 elections

Answer 43

both the congress or the muslims league approved the goverment of india act however they both took advantage of the elections held in jan and feb of 1937

nehru first wanted to boycott the elections to show the disapproval to the act however other congressmen disaproved and belived that they should take advantage of the elections.

ML also saw the potentional and the advantage of running for the elections and spreading the muslims message

ML wanted to colab with the hindu’s nehru didnt want this and rejected

congress won mojorites nothing much for ML

ML benefits ig

first major muslims elections with Hindu’s

learned about how to contest elections

support more in places were Muslims were in a minority

Question 44

The Rule of Congress 1937-39

Answer 44

mandri matram

warda scheem education stuff

congress tyranny ban on muslim stuff like adhan

Question 45

day of deliverance

Answer 45

Britin went to war with Germany 1939

india was to fight with the british against germany

congress mad that british did not consult to the congress thus Provencal governments resigned

end of congress rule

jinnah happy

celebrated as DOD

22 December 1939

Question 46

WORLD WAR 2 Outbreak of war 1939

Answer 46

3 Sep 1939 british went to war with the nazi

same day british announced india would fight with them in the war

congress said if india was to fight they wanted independence in return

but the british could not grant this but could give dominion status

ML also had demands

end to anti-muslims policys by congress

no law effecting muslims

one more

both british nor congress agreed to these

Question 47

Pakistan resolution

Answer 47

Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Rahmat Ali

built on the idea of a separate homeland

at first jinnah didnt support the idea until the congress tyranny

also called lahore resolution

day muslims set a goal that they would accept no reform that made no mention of pakistan

22 march 1940

Question 48

The Cripps Mission

Answer 48

ML position of Pakistan clear

congress didn’t like the idea neither did the British

march 1942 the British sent sir Stafford cripps

reforms

after the war Indian union would set up dominion status

constituent assembly should frame a new constitution

it would be held right after the war ends.

ML rejected immediately no reference or context of Pakistan.

opt out of future union showed that British wanted to protect minorities

congress rejected demanding complete control over India’s affairs

Question 49

Quit India Resolution

Answer 49

may 1942

Gandhi spoke to a congress meeting in Allahabad talked about British behaviour towards India

if British left there would be no threat of Japanese invasion on India.

Gandhi called a non violent protest on 8 august 1942

congress started quit india resolution calling for British to immediately pull out of india.

two days later Ghandi Nehru and other congress rulers arrested.

rioting in india british lost control of some parts of the country.

ML didnt approve of the movement

Question 50

Ghandi Jinnah Talks

Answer 50

Ghandi let out of jail due to medical problems by the new lord wavell in may 1944.

Ghandi then started meeting Jinnah to talk about the future of india after the british left

talks went throughout September 1944

meet in Jinnah house in Bombay or through letters

ghandi wanted ML to give full support the the congress and removing the british

ghandi wanted central government to have control over key areas of india like defence etc

Ghandi considered himself a representative of the entire india Jinnah reminded him that he only represented the congress (SLAY💅)

Question 51

Lord Wavell and the Simla Conference

Answer 51

early 1945

clear that the WW11 was going to end

in march lord wavell flew to London

now intended the british would leave india (not yet tho)

wavell wanted a executive council and for it to have an equal number of Hindu’s and Muslim’s

no solution seen by lord wavell conference closed in July

Question 52

The 1945-46 elections

Answer 52

1945 british war time president Winston Churchill

elections for the executive council was called

however the elections just showed how divided india had become.

congress campaigned for british freedom

ML campaigned for Pakistan

ML won 87%

congress won 91%

elections showed muslims were supporting the ML and the Pakistan movement

ML spread there message and they became a force

congress rule reminded muslims what would happened if congress won again.

ML gave the Pakistan resolution and Jinnah was fighting to show congress that the ML was equal of a force than the congress.

Question 53

The Cabinet Mission Plan

Answer 53

March 1946

british mad an final attempt in settling the differences of india by a third man lord pethick-Lawrence and Sir Stafford Cripps arrived in new Delhi on 23 march 1946

found that there was little common ground between the two party’s

Jinnah wanted Pakistan

congress did not want the creation of Pakistan

cabnite mission plan changed its goals and gave reforms that proposed a interim government to be set up to rule india on british withdrawal

both congress and ML rejected

still went on on may 1946 published its reforms

idea of pakistan rejected

3 states after the british left each for each religion in india each in charge of its own politics and army

rejected mix feelings about

Question 54

Direct Action Day

Answer 54

late summer 1946

british withdrawal from india was clear

muslims feared that the british might pull out and leave india to sort its own problems

muslims would suffer in the hindus hands as they had majority in india

muslims needed to show their strength

july 1946 ML resolution declaring that it should prepair for the final struggle against the hindus and the british. on august it was called the Direct action day

supposed to be a peaceful protest however in calcutta it turned violent in which 4000 people died in the great Calcutta killing .

Question 55

Towards independence

Answer 55

despite the violence

british were determined to leave india

in late august 1945 british asked Nehru to form the executive council to act like the government once the british had left

Jinnah refused to let ML leaders to be nominated

2 September council only had congress members

Jinnah changed his mind and added 5 ML leaders to the council

had to show india that Jinnah was not anti Hindu

elections

elections held on July and December

Question 56

The 3 June plan

Answer 56

February 1947

Attlee announced that the british would like india no later than June 1948

New viceroy Viscount Mountbatten set to work out the plan of the transfer of power.

deliberately gave less time for arrangements as more time would equal to more disagreements and even protests.

Viscount did a speedy settlement

March 1947 riots and killings between muslims and hindus in Punjab. soon spread to other provinces as well.

seemed like civil war with thousands of deaths.

Viscount Mountbatten’s meeting with the indians should them that partition was inevitable

just on 3 June 1947 the plan was announced

two states to be set up india and pakistan

both states will have an interim constitutions running on the 1935 government of india act

dominion status for both states

Muslim majority provinces could vote to be part of india or pakistan

viceroy side final power will be transferred from June 1948 to august 1947

7 weeks for muslims to settle all problems with british help.

such as boarder

princes joining pakistan

division of assets military and money

india decided Mountbatten to be the first president pakistan made Jinnah the first governor general of pakistan.

pakistan british relationship to be fixed

Question 57

The Radcliffe award

Answer 57

one issue could not be resolved by 15 August and it was the boundary between muslims and non muslims.

Mountbatten had appointed sir Cyril Radcliffe for this job and was given two assistants from each party ML and congress.

border lines were announced on 16 August

ML disappointed that Calcutta was given to india rather than pakistan even though Muslim areas surrounded it was even give to india CORRUPTION.

evidence showing that Radcliffe was giving areas like this to pakistan however Mountbatten refused and told him to change it.

Jinnah described it as unjust and wrong but he couldn’t complain as the muslims dreams of a separate home land was now true.

Question 58

Independence act

Answer 58

15 July 1947 the act was pasted stating that from 15 August british india would partition into two dominion states- india and pakistan

each state would have freedom to pass any law as they wished.

14 August new country pakistan came into bring and on 15th declared its independence.

Question 59

Geographic problems after the creation of pakistan

Answer 59

on the 14 August 1947 pakistan gained it long fought independence however pakistan was immediately faced with many serious problems east and west pakistan were separated by about a thousand miles of land that belonged to india. this large distance meant that the outlook of the people were from to different cultural religions.

Question 60

political problems after creation of pakistan

Answer 60

india had inherited government buildings, furnishings, even officials from british. pakistan had nothing of these

india had official members of the congress with political experiences to take over the government these people had experience in running a country Pakistan did not have this.

pakistan lacked both the admin and the governmental machinery to run the affairs of a new country
Quaid-i-Azam had tuberculosis he knew he had little time to live and solve these issues for the new country pakistan

Question 61

economical problems after creation of pakistan

Answer 61

pakistan was made up of states that were mostly underdeveloped with very little industry.

karachi was a modern port with a high potential for trade activity.

pakistan was not a wealthy country and pakistan’s industries and agriculture farms did not produce enough to generate that wealth.

1947 production of jute took place in east pakistan a produced 70% of the worlds crop. and was exported for foreign exchange helping pakistan to earn for a few years

problem was that all jute mills were in east pakistan an non in west india also got all the new jute mills

Question 62

social problems after creation of pakistan

Answer 62

pakistani people all had different cultures traditions languages and lifestyles which is why the country was divided into 5 provinces this created division in the ppl of pakistan. some provinces were not even sure if they still want to be with pakistan any more.

didnt want urdu as national language

Question 63

canal water dispute

Answer 63

origins from the partition of punjab in 1947
West pakistan was a fertile country but has a hot and dry climate.

rain is not enough to cater for the large land which is why pakistan relies upon irrigation from canals which draw water from nearby rivers in the area including indus, chelub and chenab. some of these rivers came to pakistan from indian side and india had threatened to cut the water supply.

india claimed that the damn/water heads were in its country thus they had full authority to do so pakistan called that this matter would be settled by the international court of justice but india refused.

may 1948 a temp agreement was made with india however pakistan now needed to find a new reliable source of water for irrigation.