History Flashcards
(28 cards)
Who nailed a list of complaints to the door of a church, protesting about the Roman Catholic Church?
Martin Luther
Martin Luther’s actions are often seen as the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation.
What was the primary reason King Henry VIII sought to break away from the Catholic Church?
To annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn to secure a male heir.
What title did Henry VIII declare himself after breaking away from the Catholic Church?
Supreme Head of the Church of England
What was Mary I’s relationship with Spain after she became queen?
She married Philip of Spain
This marriage was unpopular among her subjects and led to concerns about Spanish control.
What characterized King Charles I’s rule?
Belief in the ‘divine right of kings’
He believed his authority came directly from God and was not accountable to Parliament.
What event marked the start of the First English Civil War?
Charles I raised an army in August 1642
What were the two main forces in the First English Civil War?
Royalist (King’s) forces and Parliamentarian (Parliament’s) forces
What was the outcome of the First English Civil War?
Charles I was found guilty of treason and executed
What did the execution of Charles I lead to?
Establishment of the Commonwealth
This was a period of republican rule in England.
What was a significant impact of the English Civil Wars on the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament?
Parliament gradually gained more influence
What significant change occurred in warfare during the 1500s to 1700s?
Introduction of gunpowder weapons
What formation developed due to the need for efficient musket fire?
Linear formations, columns, and squares
What did the reliance on feudal levies give way to in military recruitment?
More professional standing armies
What impact did artillery development have on fortification techniques?
Led to the decline of castle-building
What technological advancements influenced warfare in the 1700s to 1900s?
Machine guns, trench warfare, and tanks
What type of warfare became standard during the late 19th century?
Trench warfare
What was the first leg of the triangular trade route in the transatlantic slave trade?
European ships carried manufactured goods to West Africa
What was the Middle Passage?
The voyage carrying enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean
What was the last leg of the triangular trade known as?
Home Run or Final Passage
What event established British naval dominance?
Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588
When was the East India Company chartered?
1600
What marked the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Founding of Jamestown in 1607
What significant event occurred in 1783 regarding British colonies?
Loss of the American colonies
What was the outcome of the Indian Mutiny of 1857?
Establishment of the British Raj
