History Flashcards

(28 cards)

1
Q

Who nailed a list of complaints to the door of a church, protesting about the Roman Catholic Church?

A

Martin Luther

Martin Luther’s actions are often seen as the catalyst for the Protestant Reformation.

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2
Q

What was the primary reason King Henry VIII sought to break away from the Catholic Church?

A

To annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn to secure a male heir.

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3
Q

What title did Henry VIII declare himself after breaking away from the Catholic Church?

A

Supreme Head of the Church of England

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4
Q

What was Mary I’s relationship with Spain after she became queen?

A

She married Philip of Spain

This marriage was unpopular among her subjects and led to concerns about Spanish control.

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5
Q

What characterized King Charles I’s rule?

A

Belief in the ‘divine right of kings’

He believed his authority came directly from God and was not accountable to Parliament.

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6
Q

What event marked the start of the First English Civil War?

A

Charles I raised an army in August 1642

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7
Q

What were the two main forces in the First English Civil War?

A

Royalist (King’s) forces and Parliamentarian (Parliament’s) forces

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8
Q

What was the outcome of the First English Civil War?

A

Charles I was found guilty of treason and executed

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9
Q

What did the execution of Charles I lead to?

A

Establishment of the Commonwealth

This was a period of republican rule in England.

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10
Q

What was a significant impact of the English Civil Wars on the relationship between the monarchy and Parliament?

A

Parliament gradually gained more influence

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11
Q

What significant change occurred in warfare during the 1500s to 1700s?

A

Introduction of gunpowder weapons

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12
Q

What formation developed due to the need for efficient musket fire?

A

Linear formations, columns, and squares

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13
Q

What did the reliance on feudal levies give way to in military recruitment?

A

More professional standing armies

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14
Q

What impact did artillery development have on fortification techniques?

A

Led to the decline of castle-building

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15
Q

What technological advancements influenced warfare in the 1700s to 1900s?

A

Machine guns, trench warfare, and tanks

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16
Q

What type of warfare became standard during the late 19th century?

A

Trench warfare

17
Q

What was the first leg of the triangular trade route in the transatlantic slave trade?

A

European ships carried manufactured goods to West Africa

18
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

The voyage carrying enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean

19
Q

What was the last leg of the triangular trade known as?

A

Home Run or Final Passage

20
Q

What event established British naval dominance?

A

Defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588

21
Q

When was the East India Company chartered?

22
Q

What marked the first permanent English settlement in North America?

A

Founding of Jamestown in 1607

23
Q

What significant event occurred in 1783 regarding British colonies?

A

Loss of the American colonies

24
Q

What was the outcome of the Indian Mutiny of 1857?

A

Establishment of the British Raj

25
What did the 'Scramble for Africa' refer to?
Britain expanding its influence across Africa in the late 19th century
26
What characterized the colonies of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand within the British Empire?
They gained a degree of self-government, becoming 'dominions'
27
What major global conflicts did the British Empire participate in during the 20th century?
World War I and World War II
28
What led to the gradual dissolution of the British Empire post-World War II?
Colonies gained independence