history 2 Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
feudal system in order
(klkp)
A
king
lords
knights
peasants
2
Q
before magna carta
A
- everyone was subject to the law (king also)
- king Johns father was good so people had high expectations
- king john had many failures
- pope banned church services
- John introduced scutage to pay for war
3
Q
magna carta short term significant
A
- first set of rules against king
- John went back on his word to avoid civil war
- only able to nobles and king
4
Q
what was magna carta
A
a set of rules towards the king
5
Q
why weren’t the barons happy with king John
A
- lost lands in normandy
- blamed him for defeats on battleship : nicknames ( softsword/lackland)
- relied on small groups of advisers
6
Q
what did barons do to rebel against john
A
- 39 rebel barons raised an army and took control of lincoln and a few other places
- john had no choice but to sign
7
Q
what was the barons last straw
A
- john’s failure to win back normandy in 1214
8
Q
features of magna carta
A
- limit kings power
- no scutage imposed without consent
- freemen could not be arrested without a fair trial
- power to the church
9
Q
henry |||
A
- king johns son
- tension between him and barons
10
Q
provisions of oxford
A
- rules signed by henry that limited his power
- those who rebelled against king henry united behind : simon de monford
11
Q
why did the provisions of oxford happen
A
- king replaced sdm with prince edward :
- barons were unhappy with the loads of tax charged
- used tax to fund wars and pay pope
12
Q
why did henry agree to the provisions
A
- avoid excommunication with the pope
13
Q
what authority was the king henry ||| under
A
- council of 15
- they would monitor and approve his decisions
- forigen member were banished and taxes were to be set at a local level
14
Q
why did the second barons war start
A
- henry requested the provisions to be cancelled and pope agreed
- another army was formed against henry
15
Q
what did the barons and sdm do when they caught henry
A
- imprisoned and defeated the kings armies
16
Q
sdm reign
A
- become republic in which decisions were made by parliament instead of monarch
17
Q
how did his reign end
(sdm)
A
- prince edward escaped and brought army against sdm
- forced outnumbered and he was killed
18
Q
what did sdm do to increase support
A
- called knights and merchants from every country to attend a great council
19
Q
what was sdm considered as
A
- father of parliament
20
Q
what caused the peasants revolt
A
- 75% increase of poll tax
- black death: unfair pay passed by edward |||
- church charged to pardon sins
21
Q
why were the nobles scared of the peasants revolt
A
feared that their wealth would be affected as it gave peasants too much power
22
Q
what was the peasants revolt triggered by
A
- tax collecter bampton tried to arrest baker and villagers came to his aid making him flee
- news spread and bampton and his supporters were beheaded
23
Q
what impact did the black death have
A
- 50 of population killed
- food prices went up and rent
- gap between poor and rich increased
24
Q
what happened when richard ||| and wat tyler met
A
- agreed to all the pardon all those involved and to make all peasents freemen
- requested all peasents go home peacefully
25
how did the peasents go against richard ||| request
- violent behaviour continued and archbishop of catteburry was
beheaded
26
short term significant of peasant revolt
- richard quickly went back on his word
27
long term significant of peasents revolt
- peasants could work for whatever wages they wanted
- owned land left unused
- inspired future generations (english civil war)
28
what was the pilgrimage of grace
- uprising against henry
- break of roman catholic church in england
- closing of monasteries (helped poor with shelters/water)
- catholic to protestant
29
Where did the march of pilgrimage of grace happen
- Lincolnshire
(30,000 people)
- led by Robert akhe
30
What did Henry do after he negotiated with the rebels
(pog)
- sent a huge army and 200 people were execucted
- ordered the arrest of leaders
31
main causes of civil war
- antichalotic many thought king charles was favouriting
- ruled in tyranny for 11 years
- introduced ship money
32
what did Charles do that annoyed parliament
- revived old laws and taxes without agreement of parliament
- 204 complaints about him running
33
what did charles do in attempt to silence parliament
- arrested 5 members
- king army was called : cavellers
parliament : roundheads
34
why did cromwell win
- set up new model army
- put charles on trial for treason
- parliament had more
financial support
- cromwell was a charismatic leader
35
significant of civil war
- charles was beheaded and monarchy in ruling was abolished
- cromwell rules for 11 years
- charles || came restored and finish his fathers job
36
crime and punishment
- ordeal
-combat
- painful: innocence = survived
dangerous
- disagreement : fought
whoever won = right
women/young: refuse and tried jury
37
glorious revolution
- king james replaced by william of orange
-
38
why was charles || accepted back
- oliver cromwell died
- agreed to limit power
39
glorious revolution
- king james replaced by william of orange
- charles accepted back, but brother next in line ( james wanted total power )
40
what happend when james came back in power
- favoured catholics
41
william of orange
- invited by parliament as long as he passed rules through parliament
42
america revolution
- england vs america
- america declared independence
- no taxation without representation: colonist demanded
-british sent army - could not withold
43
america revolution led to
- usa
44
impact of america revolution
- fear of economic impact: trade w north picked up
-britian took over australlia
- rights spread to france ( french revolution )
- feared british leaders lead to radicals being dealt w harshly
45
what were rotten boroughs
- small population : 1/2 representation
- only rich were involved
- only people who owed property
- could be bribed/intimidated
- no secret ballots
46
peterloo
60,000
- peaceful: but they were scared so sent soliders
- 21 killed
- mcr : no representation
- led to great reform act
47
great reform
- 4% had right to vote
- change in voting
- only those who owned land + earned more thank £10
- women excluded
48
the chartists
- limits of great reform act
- 6 demands = all men over 21 vote, payments for mps , proper qualifications
49
what were chartists methods
- strikes/peaceful methods
- 2m signatures : faded away with no achievements
50
corn laws
- price of bread exspensive
- reason for engagment in protests = chartism + peterloo
51
women's rights
- home raising children
- law favoured men: file divorce, own property and most vote
52
suffargists
- demanded for rights : non violent
- milllicent Fawcet
- marches petitions,meetings,marches
- always defeated
53
suffragetts
- used violence
-emmiline pankhurst
- smashed windows
- emily davison died in a horse ride
54
first word war
- changed women : right to vote
- millions of men left to war
-hundred thousounds of women recruited
- worked in factories
- drove buses
55
general strike
- 2.5m workers joined strike
- lasted 9 days
- trade unions called it
- for huge pay cut of 13%
- it became violent
56
rights of ethnic minorities
- windrush allowing anyone from common wealth to come
- gov offered interest - free loans
57
slavery
- held meetings
- produced pamphlets
- speaking in parliament
- price of sugar fell as slaves were too exspensive
58
factory working conditions
- textile industry became large
-limited children working hours
- mothers/children banned from working in mines
59
tolpuddle matrys
- employs only payed them enough to buy bread for family
- union formed a secret oath
- leaders were arrested and sent to australlia ( 7 years) : hard labour
- 200,000 protested in london : helping union movement
60
the new unions
- made to protect workers
- helped education become compulsory
- new model unions: skilled workers
-dockworkers: went on strike for better pay/working conditions
- had public support resulting in pay increase
61
general strike
- british coalmines: increased wages + improved conditions as coal was in demand
- demand for coal dropped and prices fell
- reduced wages/ working times
- railway workers/miners + dockers went on strike
- ended 9 days : publix auppoer wnsws
62
women's struggle for equal rights
- paid less then men and faced obstacles
- ww2: 7m more women joined workforrce
- introduced equal pay act
- illegal to pay women less then men
- women still got payed less than 30% then men
63
brixton rights
- between etchnic minorites
- unemployment was high
- police + young black men
- stop and search = serious rioiting
- 82 arrested
- 150 buildings damaged
64
significance of brixton riots
- scarman report found police were racist
- independent police complaints authority
- equalility act 2010 : protecting certian characterisics
65
immigrants facing discriminatin
- housing refused
- signs: ' no blacks '
- new immigrants: low paying jobs
- racial violence in notting hill
- black homes/shops attacked by white gangs
66
miners strike
- again after ww2
- laws limiting union powers: secret ballota + fined unions
- had stocked coal to keep power running
- public support decreased as they were violent
- lost support
- pits stil closed / return to work
