History Flashcards
(130 cards)
0
Q
Show the natural and human made surface features of the earth, including mountain elevations, roads, state lines , etc.
A
Topographic maps
1
Q
Created from Ariel and field surveys;serve as a starting point for topographic and thematic maps
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Base maps
2
Q
Use a base or topographic map for showing data based on theme, such as population, wildlife, economic trends, etc.
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Thematic maps
3
Q
Time is linked to…..
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Longitude
4
Q
A complete rotation of the earth
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360 degrees of longitude; occurs every 24 hours
5
Q
Prime meridian
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Zero point; Greenwich, England
6
Q
Time zones
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24 time zones at 15 degrees each
7
Q
International date line
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180/360 meridian - where each day begins and ends
8
Q
Art and science of mapmaking
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Cartography
9
Q
Earliest local area maps
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Drawn by Egyptians as early as 1300 BC
10
Q
Greek maps
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Maps of the known world in the 6th century BC
11
Q
Cartography grew into
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Geography
12
Q
Steps to modern mapmaking
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1) survey (Ariel photos and field surveys)
2) compile information from collected data and produce map
13
Q
Features of geographic location
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1) physical location
2) Cultural features
3) religion
4) languages
14
Q
Formed from millions of tiny, tube shaped polyps, an animal life form incased in tough limestone skeletons
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Coral reefs
15
Q
3 types of coral reefs
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1) fringing reefs
2) barrier reefs
3) atolls
16
Q
Formed by the movement of geologic plates which collide and push up the earths crust to form these
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Mountains - process is called orogeny
17
Q
Environmental adaptations
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People adapt to environmental conditions (digging wells where surface water is unavailable, etc.)
18
Q
Maximum, sustained level of use an environment can handle without deterioration that would lead to environmental destruction
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Carrying capacity
19
Q
What can extend an areas carrying capacity?
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Energy and water conservation; recycling
20
Q
3 different points of view that can be used to study history
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1) space
2) environment
3) chronology
21
Q
Spatial organization in geography
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How things or people are grouped in a given space anywhere on earth
22
Q
5 themes of geography
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1) location
2) place
3) human- environmental interaction
4) movement
5) regions
23
Q
Study of landforms
A
Geomorphology
24
Oceans cover how much earth.
Cover 71 percent of earth
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5 major oceans
Pacific ( largest and deepest), Atlantic, Indian, arctic, southern
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Smaller than oceans somewhat surrounded by land like a lake, but are salt water
Seas
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Bodies of water in a depression on the earths surface
Lake
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Channeled flow of water that start out as a spring or stream formed by runoff or snow.
Rivers
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Rivers flow
Higher to lower ground
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Artificial waterways constructed by humans to connect 2 larger bodies of water
Canals
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Elevated landforms that rise fairly steeply from the earths surface to a summit (1000-2000 ft above sea level)
Mountains
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Elevated landforms that raise 500-2000 ft above sea level
Hills
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Low series of hills found between a plain and a mountain range
Foothills
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Long depression located between hills or mountains. These are usually a product of erosion
Valleys
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Elevated landforms that are fairly flat on top ( as high as 10,000 ft above sea level)
Plateaus
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Flat areas of upland
Mesas
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Extensive areas of low lying flat land; usually lower than landforms around them
Plains
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Large dry Areas that relieve less than 10 inches of rain per year
Deserts
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Accumulations of silt deposited at river mouths into the seabed
Deltas
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Come in various types; may be low areas that catch water from rivers, etc.
Basins
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Marshes and swamps are both
Lowlands
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Have no trees and are always wet
Marshes
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Have trees and try periods
Swamps
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Many plants and animals, few humans and crops due to harsh climates
Taiga and tundra
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Colder winters and hotter summers than tundra; forest
Taiga
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Frozen ground; Marshy plain in an area that has a very cold climate but little snow
Tundra
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Worlds largest forest region
Taiga
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4 seasons; cold winter, hot summer, sufficient rainfall for crops
Humid continental climate
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Dry flatlands (prairies that receive 10-20 inches of rain per year). These dry flatlands can be grasslands or deserts
Prairie climate/steppe region
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Humid, tropical areas; moisture carried by wind traveling over warm ocean currents produces long summers and mild winters
Subtropical climate
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Near or surrounded by water. Warm winds bring moisture and warm temps all year, and plentiful rain
Marine climate
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Study of climate, water, and land and their relationships with each other and humans
Physical geography
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Study of the influence of the environment on human behaviors as well as the effect of human activities on the environment
Cultural geography
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Things provided by nature that have commercial value to humans ( minerals, timber, fish,etc. )
Natural resources
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Can be replenished ( wind, water, solar energy, etc.)
Renewable resources
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Can replenish themselves if they are not over harvested
Lifting resources
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Cannot be replenished, although some can be recycled (fossil fuels, etc.)
Non renewable resources
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Natural resources that have to be extracted rather than created
Commodities
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The only accurate representation of the earths size, shape, distance, and direction
Globe
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3 types of map projections
Conical
Cylindrical
Azimuthal - plane
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Highest point in world
Mt. Everest
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Lowest point in world
Dead Sea
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Largest sea
Coral
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Largest lake
Caspian Sea
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Longest river
Nile
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These ancient civilizations are characterized by their unique contributions to the development of world civilizations
Sumer, Egypt, Indus Valley
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First known writing system
Sumer
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Settled villages, national religion, central government, libraries, and writing
Egypt
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Culture of luxury, no known national government, advanced civic system, prosperous trade routes
Indus Valley
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Alexander the Great
Formed Greece by uniting city- state groups
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Had the worlds longest lasting and continuous empire (since 221 BC); written record of culture
China
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Middle Ages/ medieval times
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500-1500 AD
Catholicism
Knights
Universities
Crusades
Black Plague
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Crusades
Christians and Muslims over holy lands
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Began as an attempt to reform Catholic Church and fix corruption but led to separation from it (early 1500s)
Protestant reformation
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Renewal of interest in Ancient Greek and Latin art, literature, and philosophy (14th-16th centuries); time of scientific inquiry, geographical exploration, rise of secular values
Renaissance
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Important renaissance people
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Petrarch
De Vinci
Michelangelo
Raphael
Erasmus
Shakespeare
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Started in England with cotton mill in 1733. Other inventions followed rapidly. Led to urbanization, pollution, crowded population, labor laws
Industrial revolution
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French exploration contributors
Verrazano
Champlain
Cartier
De la sale
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Claimed and explored huge portions of US after Christopher Columbus (country and names)
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Spanish
Ponce de Leon
Pineda
Narvaez
De vaca
Coronado
De soto
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80
1585 Raleigh sent Barlow to mainland and named it
Virginia
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Established in Virginia in 1619 - first legislative assembly in American colonies
House of burgesses
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During the colonization of Virginia...
Local government grew strong and tobacco created wealth
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Sent 24 Puritan families (pilgrims) to Virginia on the mayflower
The virginia company
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Instead of landing on Virginia, in 1620 the mayflower landed at
Plymouth, Massachusetts
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First thanksgiving occurred; survived with help of natives
Plymouth plantation
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1649, puritans arrived in Salem, which....
Became an important port and made famous by witch trials
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Established by lord Baltimore in 1632 in hopes of providing refuge for English Catholics
Maryland
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Indians sold most of the Massachusetts land to English....and ______________ was organized
Self- governed Massachusetts bay company
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Williams banished from Massachusetts because he called for __________. He established _________.
Separation of church and state; Rhode Island colony
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Penn received a royal charter for establishing Pennsylvania as a.....
Colony for Quakers, allowed immigrants from mixed denominations to join
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English colonies rebelled against England. This was called
The American revolution
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Reasons for American revolution
- England was controlling
- Treated as inferiors when Americans fought for British
- heavy taxation (sugar and stamp acts)
- restrictions on trade
- wanted to govern selves - already had functioning government
- fear of British blocking westward expansion
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Event leading to American Revolution - boston massacre
1770 soldiers fired on crowd and killed 5 people
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Event leading to American revolution - boston tea party
1773, sons of liberty dumped tea into Boston harbor to protest tea tax. British responded harshly which aggravated the situation more
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1775 British soldiers on a mission to take military supplies met up with minutemen in Lexington, Massachusetts. A shot was fired. Americans were outnumbered and forced to retreat. Americans succeeded in concord. Pushed British to Boston and the siege of Boston began.
Event leading to American revolution - shot heard around the world
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Original 13 colonies
Connecticut, Delaware,Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia
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First state to ratify constitution
Delaware
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Established the continental army and chose George Washington as commanding general. They allowed printing of money and created government offices - turning point of revolution
Second continental congree
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Organized boycotts against Britain
First continental congress
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Published in 1776by Thomas Paine; the pamphlet called for independence and was widely distributed
"Common sense"
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Written by Thomas Jefferson, signed on July 4, 1776 by the continental congress
Declaration of Independence
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Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement sigh France to fight with Americans
Alliance with France -1778
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Signaled the official end of the war, granted independence to the colonies, and gave generous territorial rights
Treaty of Paris
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Designed to protect states rights over those of national government and sent to the colonies for ratification in 1777
Articles of confederation
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Articles of the confederation had 2 problems
1 no centralized government
| 2 no centralized power to tax or regulate trade
106
Since there was no national tax, the revolution was financed by printing more and more money which led to
Inflation
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Created three branches of government with checks and balances and created bicameral legislation (equal representation for states)
New constitution - added in 1791
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anti federal it's opposed new constitution. Requested this to protect citizens from government and was added to the constitution in 1791
Bill of rights
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Thomas Jeffersons greatest achievement as president. Reasons for purchase were to gain New Orleans port, remove French threat of trade interference in Mississippi River, double territory of US
Louisiana purchase
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Jefferson sent __________ to map new Louisiana territory and find a passage to the pacific. Their expedition led to western migration
Lewis and Clark
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War between France and Britain that caused blockades that hurt American trade and soused British to attack American ships. British burned White House.
War of 1812
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Benefit of war of 1812
Americans became more self sufficient due to increased manufacturing and fewer imports
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Made by president James Monroe in 1823, foreign policy that warned european powers to cease colonization of central and South America. In return America would leave Europe political affairs alone
Monroe doctrine
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Gave guidelines to keep slave states and moms slave states balanced
Missouri compromise - 1820
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Considered beginning of modern political party system and Democratic Party
Jackson's election
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Removed natives from areas that whites wanted to settle (including trail of tears)
Indian removal act of 1830
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States that left union to form a confederation
SC, NC, VA, FA, Mississippi, AL, LA, TX, TN
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Presidential election triggered secession of south
Abraham Lincoln
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Grant received Lees surrender at the _______ in 1865 . Union had won the civil war.
Appomattox court house
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1865-1877
South was under strict control of US government.
State government reconstruction.
13, 14, and 15th amendments
Reconstruction period
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Declared slavery illegal
13 amendment
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Made all born in US citizens
14th amendment
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Made it illegal to deny right to vote based on race
15th amendment
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Reconstruction led to industrialization for example....
New inventions
Railroad expansion
Gold and silver mining
Cattle ranching
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Time period from 1890s to 1920s - when progressive, reform minded political leaders wanted to export a rational social order to the rest of the world while increasing trade wig foreign markets. Led to Spanish-American war.
Progressive movement
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Reason America joined world war 1 in 1915
British ship was torpedoed by the Germans. Many Americans were killed. Germans tried to make Japan and Mexico attack America.
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Reason for America entering world war 2
1941 japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Defeated hitler then Japan.
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World war 1 led to...
Decade of optimism and Great Depression.rich got richer and everyone was optimistic until stock market crash and economy spiraled downward
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World war 2 led to...
Increased manufacturing of goods for war efforts. The production led to ending the Great Depression
