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0
Q

The enlightenment if the age of:

A

Reason

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1
Q

What is the central idea of enlightenment:

A

Embraced the belief that unbiased reason or objective methods can govern the universe and give a better life for humankind

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2
Q

Define romanticism:

A

Philosophy that stressed the uniqueness of each person and values irrationality

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3
Q

What are the things romanticism valued for:

A

Irrational impulses like Human emotions, intuitions and instincts

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4
Q

What is the good life according to romanticism:

A

One lived honestly in accordance with one’s inner nature

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5
Q

Rousseau is called:

A

Father of romanticism

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6
Q

What is the only justifiable government according to Rousseau:

A

Literal democracy; Allow humans to reach their full potentiometer and to fully express their free will

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7
Q

What Rousseau think of human nature:

A

By default, human nature is good

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8
Q

What is noble savage:

A

A human not contaminated by society: the behaviors will be governed by feelings but not become selfish

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9
Q

What Rousseau think about human as in social:

A

Humans were social animals who wished to live in harmony with others

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10
Q

Define general will:

A

Community spirit; the innate tendency to live harmoniously with one’s fellow humans and beneficial to the community

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11
Q

What Rousseau think of education should be:

A

should take advantage of natural impulses rather than distort them; not pouring information into students in a highly structured school

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12
Q

What is the best form of education according to Rousseau:

A

Allow impulses to become actualized

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13
Q

What is the main idea of Goethe’s theory:

A

Life consists of opposing forces like love and hate

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14
Q

What is Goethe’s attitude toward irrational forces:

A

Should be embrace them rather than deny or overcome them; we should express the instincts

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15
Q

What is Goethe’s theory of color vision:

A

Sensory experiences could be objectively studied by introspection

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16
Q

What is about phenomenology:

A

Insistence of studying whole, meaningful experiences

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17
Q

What are the influences of Goethe:

A

He had significant influence on the entire GerMan culture, and he also influenced Freud

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18
Q

What is Schopenhauer’s attitude toward women:

A

Particularly harsh

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19
Q

Where did the basis of Schopenhauer’s theory come from:

A

Kant’s philosophy: noumenal world and phenomenal world

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20
Q

What is noumenal world:

A

Things in themselves; the will

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21
Q

What is phenomenal world:

A

Consciousenss

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22
Q

The central of romanticism and existentialism:

A

Notion of authenticity

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23
Q

will to survive

A

The powerful need to perpetuate one’s life by satisfying one’s biological needs

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24
What is will:
Blind and aimless forces that cannot be known
25
Will to survive will cause:
Unending cycle of needs and need satisfaction
26
What account for most human behavior according to Schopenhauer:
The drive toward self-preservation
27
Schopenhauer believed that behaviors are:
Irrational and unconscious
28
The reason why intelligent beings suffer the most according to Schopenhauer:
Suffering varies with awareness and intelligent can detect more irrational urges within us
29
Two advantages of being solitude for intelligent:
1 be alone with his own thought | 2 prevent needing to deal with intellectually inferior people and constitute the vast majority
30
What is life-and-death struggle:
The postponement of death; most people cling to life because they fear death but not seek pleasure
31
The cause of everything which we cannot deny according to Schopenhauer:
Will; irrational force
32
The essence of human existence:
Relationship between noumenal and phenomenal worlds
33
Schopenhauer thought that irrational force or instance should be:
Repressed or sublimated
34
What would happen when we try to recognize repressed ideas:
Resistance
35
The two precursors of existentialism:
Kierkegaard and Nietzsche
36
Define existentialism:
Examine the meaning in life, stresses the freedom if choice and the uniqueness of each individual
37
The most valid guide for behaviors according to Existentialism:
Personal experience and feelings
38
The goal of existentialism:
Move from knowledge to something basic that can make practical applications to human
39
The father of existentialism:
Kierkegaard
40
What should we do if we want to become self-actualized:
Separate ourselves from group mentality
41
What characterize the authenticity:
Despair and anxiety
42
Why Kierkegaard reject science and religion:
Think science and religion as too mechanistic and prevent us from viewing Humans are emotional and choosing beings
43
The ultimate state of being according to Kierkegaard:
When individual decides to embrace God and take God's existence on faith without needing a logical or rational explanation of decision making
44
What Kierkegaard think of truth:
Truth is subjectivity which cannot be taught by logical argument; truth should be experienced
45
The paradox is between:
Human understanding and ultimate truth
46
The greatest paradox:
God; we know god exists, but we cannot comprehend him
47
The only way to solve paradox according to Kierkegaard:
Faith in eternal truth
48
How Kierkegaard see the relationship with god:
A love affair
49
Who think god is dead:
Nietzsche
51
Three stages on life way to approximate full personal freedom:
1 aesthetic stage: open to experience but not recognize their ability choose 2 ethical stage: accept the responsibility of making choices but use as thee guide ethical principles that established by others 3 religion stage: recognize and accept their freedom and enter into a personal relationship with god and by one's self-awareness
52
The heart of Nietzsche's psychology:
The tension between Apollonian and Dionysian tendencies
53
Apollonian aspect of human nature:
The rational side; our desire for tranquility, predictability and orderliness
54
What sublimation can explain:
Works of art and other cultural achievements; also the content if dreams
56
Dionysian aspect of human nature | Barbarian
Our irrational side; our attraction to creative chaos and to passionate, dynamic experience
57
What will the best life reflect:
Controlled passion
58
Who state Apollonian and Dionysian:
Nietzsche
59
The work involved in becoming authenticity:
We must channel instincts into creative works; similar to Freud's sublimation
61
The shared goal between Freud and Nietzsche psychology:
Helping individuals gain control of their irrational impulses
62
The difference between Freud and Nietzsche:
Freud accepted determinism but N did not
63
Why Nietzsche believe that god is dead:
Philosopher and scientists if his day had killed the god
64
What is perspectivism state:
There is no abstract truth to be discovered; there are only individual perspectives
65
Nietzsche opposed who's work:
Plato's distinction between real and apparent worlds; Christian morality and dualism
66
Define will to power:
The basic human motive to become stronger, more complete and more superior to reach full potential
67
Who state the will to power:
Nietzsche
68
Where should human gain knowledge according to Nietzsche:
From themselves/ inside
69
What Nietzsche think of irrational human instincts:
They should be expressed and rationality would suppress the will to power
70
Who state Nobel savage:
Rousseau
71
What should be done if Dionysian impulses want to sin expression:
Be sublimated by Apollonian rationality
72
Who state superman or overman:
Nietzsche
73
Who thinks that truth is subjectivity:
Kierkegaard
74
Define superman:
People who approaching their full potential and believe in free will; they are intensely individualistic and choose values independently
75
When can the will the power be fully satisfied:
When all the instincts are satisfied
76
How Can a superman exercise his will to power:
Express all thoughts including negative impulses which Nietzsche believes that we should learn from
77
Where are meaning and morality of one's life come from:
With oneself
78
The primary cause of human's mental anguish:
Repressive civilization
79
The differences between superman and non-superman:
Passion Courage Insight
80
Who state the will to survive:
Schopenhauer
81
Differences between Nietzsche and Schopenhauer:
N thinks the instinct should be expressed but Schopenhauer thinks instance should be repressed
82
Who state General will:
Rousseau
83
Who state the three stages of a life way:
Kierkegaard
84
Who state a their of color vision:
Goethe
85
Why Nietzsche think that will to power is not only self-preservation:
Human attempt to become more than they are and lead to self-mastery

psyc210 (1 decks)

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