History Flashcards
(31 cards)
When was the armistice ending WW1 signed?
11th of November, 1918
Where/when was the Treaty of Versailles signed?
At the Paris Peace Conference and on the 28th of June, 1919
what did Woodrow Wilson want the TOV to look like?
He wanted to punish Germany reasonably by implementing the fourteen point plan
What did French representatives want the terms of the TOV to be like?
Harsh, as the French sought revenge
What were the 4 main terms of the TOV?
War Guilt Clause, territorial clauses, reparations and disarment
How did the 4 terms affect Germany?
reparations: German money was used to rebuild other countries,lack of money led to rising prices, unemployment and hyperinflation.
War Guilt Clause: German people believed they were fighting a fair wart protect their rights and France and Britain declared war on Germany
territorial clauses: German-speaking people were forced to become citizens of other countries and rich mining regions were lost to France
disarment: Only the defeated countries had to disarm and Germany was unable to defend herself from invasion.
Describe the economy in the 1920’s:
There was a brief economic recession at the start of the 20’s but the economy moved on, the 1920 economy boomed and the age of consumptions began, meaning more money could be spent on more expensive items. G
Who was disadvantaged during the roaring twenties?
Farmers prospered during WW1 but were not prosperous in the 20’s as more food was grown than what was needed after WW1, leading to falling prices and profit. African Americans were also not prosperous.
When did the Wall Street Crash happen?
the 24th of November, 1924 in the New York Stock Exchange
what was the main cause of the crash?
stock speculation- American heavily invested in shares, hoping that the values would continue to increase during the boom. As a result of this, people borrow money from banks to buy more shares, causing the amount of money loaned to become greater than the amount of currency circulating the US at the time.
How long did the Great Depression last and what caused it?
29th of October 1929-39 and the speculation in the 20’s and companies producing more goods than they could sell.
What effect did the Depression have on the economy?
as governments cut spending to save money, more workers lost their jobs, meaning people had less money to spend which worsened the economy.
What social effects did the Great depression have?
mass unemployment/homelessness, increased crime rates as people resorted to petty theft, distinct socioeconomic gap between the lower, middle and upper classes.
How did Germany’s economic conditions cause WW2?
In an attempt to pay back reparations as quickly as possible, the Weimar Republic printed extreme;y large amounts of money, bringing Germany into Hyperinflation, causing Germans to lose trust in the Weimar Republic, leading to Hitler’s rise.
How did Hitler’s rise cause WW2?
After the fall of the Weimar Republic in 1933, Adof hitler’s popularity rose with him going from leader of the Nationalist Socialist Workers’ (NAZI) party to becoming chancellor in 1933. While Hitler was in power, he wanted to increase militarism and regain the land lost in the TOV. This showed hostility and breached the conditions of the treaty, leading to appeasement policies and WW2.
How did appeasement/failure of the LoN cause WW2?
after the effects WW1 had on the Allies’ government, land, population and economy, Neville Chamberlain and French premier Edward Daladier took a lenient approach toward Germany. T his is shown after Germany invaded Austria, entered the Rhineland and took the Sudetenland while the league of Nations did nothing to stop these invasions.
Where did Japan invade in 1931 and why?
Japan invaded Manchuria on the 18th of September 1931 as Japan was getting crowded due to its limited land and increasing population and Manchuria had 200,000 square km of land that would accommodate Japan’s large population. Manchuria also had minerals such as iron ore in its land.
How did the world respond to the invasion of Manchuria?
the League of Nations condemned Japan for invading Manchuria as Japan used military aggression to achieve its goals. This resulted in Japan eventually leaving the LoN
Who was Japan allied with?
In WW2, Japan was allied with Germany and Italy in the Axis alliance.
When was Pearl Harbour attacked by Japan?
7th of December, 1941
what was the Pearl Harbour attack?
a surprise attack by Japan on Hawaii that lethe US in WW2
What does the term ‘kamikaze’ refer to?
it is a word to describe Japanese pilots in WW2 that were trained to make suicidal crash attacks.
Why was the attack on Pearl Harbour unsuccessful?
as only 5/8 battleships were sunk and Japan failed to destroy the US’ oil supplies in Hawaii.
What is conscription and why was it so controversial?
compulsory enlistment into the armed forces of men over the age of eighteen. Conscription was controversial as many conscripted men had already died after WW1 and people such as Catholic leaders and politicians such as John Curtin were anti-conscription while many people such as Robert Menzies also believed it was peoples’ duty to protect their country.
