History Flashcards
(25 cards)
when did the development of hygiene begin
mid 19th century
when did vaccines develop
late 19th century
when did anti-infectious drugs develop
early 20th century
who discovered the bacterial world and how
antoni van leeuwenhoek, using a magnifying glass to see protozoa and bacteria
who developed the taxonomic system
carolus linnaeus, into animals and plants
give classifications of eukaryotes
- fungi: have cell walls and feed on other organisms. they are divided into:
- mould: multicellular filaments with a/sexual reproduction
- yeast: unicellular, oval/round, asexual by budding
what are protozoa
single celled eukaryotes
name 3 ways by which protozoa are motile
- psuedopods: cell extensions that flow in direction of travel
- flagella: extensions of cells that are fewer/longer/ whiplike
- cilia: numerous short protrusions that propel organisms
what are algae
photosynthetic eukaryotes. thye are not a cause of disease. The unicellular kind provide Oxygen, the multicellular kind are seaweeds, can form emulsifiers, agar.
what are parasites
eukaryotes, lay microscopic eggs
list the order of people who tested aristotoles theory that life can occur from non living matter
- francesco Redi
- lazzaro Spallanzani
- louis Pasteur
louis pasteur can be considered the father of
microbiology
who discovered the cause of fermentation
buchner: showed enzymes promote chemical reactions and fermentation doesnt need living cells. He began the field of biochemistry
who developed germ theory of disease
pasteur
what did robert Koch do
studied causative agents of diseases like anthrax
list Kochs postulates
Suspected causative agent must be found in every
case of the disease and be absent from healthy
hosts
• Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host
• When agent is introduced into a healthy, susceptible
host, the host must get the disease
• Same agent must be found in the diseased
experimental host
who developed Gram staining
hans gram
Handwashing
ignaz semmelweis
antiseptic surgery
joseph lister
hygiene standards
florence nightingale
infection control and epidemiology
john snow
vaccination and immunology
edward jenner
chemotherapy
ehrlich
traits and divisions of prokaryotes
- lack nuclei, have a cell wall, use asexual reproduction
- can be bacteria or archaea
