History Flashcards
(30 cards)
The US supported this cuban during the 1933-1944 dictatorship
Fulgencio Batista
Batista fled the island on Jan 1, 1959, leaving the capitol of havana in celebration and chaos, under Fidel Castro’s lead.
Why were US officials opposed to Fidel Castro’s rule?
because:
- he was a Leftist
- They worried he might ultimately attack the US economic interest in cuba. US investments and properties.
- after coming into power he allied himself with the communist party and grew friendlier with the Sviet Union.
When did the US sever ties with Cuba?
The US severed diplomatic and economic ties with Cuba and enacted a trade and travel embargo in 1959 that lasted until 2015.
What was the pay of pigs invasion
An unsuccessful attempt to remove Castro [Cuba dictator] from power in April 1961. Fidel Castro became on of the world’s longest-ruling heads of state, eventually ceded power to his younger brother Raul in 2008.
What was the reason behind the Jan 1st, 1781 mutiny of the Pennsylvania Line
1,500 soldiers from the Pennsylvania line, under General Anthony Wayne’s command, insisted that their 3 year enlistments were expired and in a drunken rage killed 3 officers and abandoned the Continental Army’s winter camp.
What did the Redcoats do in response to the Jan 1st, 1781 mutiny of the Continental Army’s Pennsylvania Line?
British General Henry Clinton meet with the mutineers and offered them full pardon/pay owed should they join the Redcoats. Instead the mutineers marched on Philadelphia captured Clinton and aired their grievances to Wayne.
With this show of devotion to the Patriot cause, the mutineers strengthened their position in negotiations with Congress.
Who was Henry Ford?
Henry Ford (1863-1947) established the Ford Motor Company; five years later, he introduced the Model T, an affordable car for the masses. Henry Ford was also credited with pioneering the moving assembly line and introducing, in 1914, the $5-per-day minimum wage and the eight-hour workday. This made it possible for ordinary factory workers to buy the cars they built and helped to create the American middle class.
When did the Emancipation Proclamation take effect?
Jan 1, 1863
What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
The proclamation freed all slaves in states that were still in rebellion on January 1, 1863. Lincoln used vacated Congressional seats to determine the areas still in rebellion, as some parts of the South had already been recaptured and representatives returned to Congress under Union supervision. As the proclamation freed slaves only in rebellious areas it actually freed no one, since these were areas not yet under Union control. The measure was still one of the most important acts in American history, however, as it meant slavery would end when those areas were recaptured. Most crucially, this measure effectively sabotaged Confederate attempts to secure recognition by foreign governments, especially Great Britain. When reunification was the sole goal of the North, the Confederates could be viewed by foreigners as freedom fighters being held against their will by the Union. But after the Emancipation Proclamation, the Southern cause was now the defense of slavery. The proclamation was a shrewd maneuver by Lincoln to brand the Confederate States as a slave nation and render foreign aid impossible.
When was the first New Year’s Day?
45 B.C.
Soon after becoming Roman dictator, Julius Caesar decided that the traditional Roman calendar was in dire need of reform. Introduced around the seventh century B.C., the Roman calendar attempted to follow the lunar cycle but frequently fell out of phase with the seasons and had to be corrected. In addition, the pontifices, the Roman body charged with overseeing the calendar, often abused its authority by adding days to extend political terms or interfere with elections.
1803 Haitian Independence
Two months after his defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte’s colonial forces, Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaims the independence of Saint-Domingue, renaming it Haiti after its original Arawak name.
In 1804, General Dessalines assumed dictatorial power, and Haiti became the second independent nation in the Americas. Later that year, Dessalines proclaimed himself Emperor Jacques I. He was killed putting down a revolt two years later.
Who was Toussaint-Louverture?
Leader of the slave revolt that erupted on the french colony in 1791. Toussaint became the governor-general of the colony in 1801, conquered the Spanish portion of the island and freeing the slaves. In response Napoloneon invaded in 1802 and arrested/killed Toussaint.
Soon after his capture of Toussaint, Napoloneon announced the reintroduction of slavery, promoting Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Toussaint’s friend and comrade to lead a secondary revolution that resulted in the independence of Haiti.
What was Operation Sam Houston?
Beginning on Jan 1, 1967, The purpose of the operation was to interdict the movement of North Vietnamese troops and equipment into South Vietnam from communist sanctuaries in Cambodia and Laos. The operation ended on April 5. A total of 169 U.S. soldiers were killed in action; 733 enemy casualties were reported.
When was the UN created?
The United Nations was created on Jan 1, 1942.
On this day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill issue a declaration, signed by representatives of 26 countries, called the “United Nations.” The signatories of the declaration vowed to create an international postwar peacekeeping organization.
What was the Arcadia Conference?
On December 22, 1941, Churchill arrived in Washington, D.C., for the Arcadia Conference, a discussion with President Roosevelt about a unified Anglo-American war strategy and a future peace. The attack on Pearl Harbor meant that the U.S. was involved in the war, and it was important for Great Britain and America to create and project a unified front against Axis powers. Toward that end, Churchill and Roosevelt created a combined general staff to coordinate military strategy against both Germany and Japan and to draft a plan for a future joint invasion of the Continent.
Among the most far-reaching achievements of the Arcadia Conference was the United Nations agreement. Led by the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union, the signatories agreed to use all available resources to defeat the Axis powers. It was agreed that no single country would sue for a separate peace with Germany, Italy, or Japan-they would act in concert. Perhaps most important, the signatories promised to pursue the creation of a future international peacekeeping organization dedicated to ensuring “life, liberty, independence, and religious freedom, and to preserve the rights of man and justice.”
What was the purpose of the UN at the time of it’s creation?
dedicated to ensuring “life, liberty, independence, and religious freedom, and to preserve the rights of man and justice.”
What ended the US- Russia Detente in January 1980?
On this day in 1980, in a strong reaction to the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Jimmy Carter asks the Senate to postpone action on the SALT II nuclear weapons treaty and recalls the U.S. ambassador to Moscow. These actions sent a message that the age of detente and the friendlier diplomatic and economic relations that were established between the United States and Soviet Union during President Richard Nixon’s administration (1969-74) had ended.
Afghanistan 1980 conflict’s caused the US to do what three things?
When the soviets refused to withdraw from Afghanistan in 1980 the US responded by:
- Boycotting the 1980 summer Olympics
- halted key exports to the USSR, including grain and technology
- Covertly, the CIA sent billions to arm and train the Mujahedeen rebel forces that were battling the Soviets.
The Continental Congress publishes the “Tory Act” to?
describe how colonies should handle those Americans who remain loyal to the British and King George.
The act called on colonial committees to indoctrinate those “honest and well-meaning, but uninformed people” by enlightening them as to the “origin, nature and extent of the present controversy.” The Congress remained “fully persuaded that the more our right to the enjoyment of our ancient liberties and privileges is examined, the more just and necessary our present opposition to ministerial tyranny will appear.”
The Civil War Battle of Stone River concluded with?
in 1863, the Battle of Stones River concludes when the Union troops of William Rosecrans defeat Confederates under Braxton Bragg at Murfeesboro, Tennessee, just south of Nashville. The battle was a crucial engagement in the contest for central Tennessee, and provided a Union victory during a bleak period for the North.
Lincoln later wrote to Rosecrans, “…you gave us a hard victory which, had there been a defeat instead, the nation could scarcely have lived over.”
1971 Football stampede in Glasgow Scotland is considered the worst soccer disaster in Scottish history because?
in 1971, 66 football (soccer) fans are killed in a stampede at a stadium in Glasgow, Scotland, as they attempt to leave a game after a late goal by the home team. Initial reports suggested that the disaster was caused by fans returning to their seats after hearing of the last goal, but in fact it was simply the crush of spectators all leaving at the same time on the same stairway that led to tragedy. This was not the first time that disaster had struck the stadium.
Kingdom of Granada falls led to…
In 1492 the kingdom of Granada falls to the Christian forces of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I, and the Moors lose their last foothold in Spain.
The First censuring of a US senator was?
In 1811, Senator Timothy Pickering, a Federalist from Massachusetts, becomes the first senator to be censured when the Senate approves a censure motion against him by a vote of 20 to seven. Pickering was accused of violating congressional law by publicly revealing secret documents communicated by the president to the Senate.
Pickering resigned after he was censured.
The Teapot Dome Scandal was?
1923, Albert Fall, the secretary of the U.S. Department of Interior, resigns in response to public outrage over the Teapot Dome scandal. Fall’s resignation illuminated a deeply corrupt relationship between western developers and the federal government.
As secretary of the interior, Fall was responsible for managing the government’s vast western land holdings in the public interest. Unfortunately, Fall’s close ties with western developers tempted him to abuse his position. Fall set aside a large oil deposit in Wyoming known as Teapot Dome. Secretly, he then began to sign leases with big western oilmen allowing them to exploit the supposed reserve.
