History Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
Where did comprehensive planning start?
A
Chicago (though that plan was not built)
2
Q
First city subway
A
Boston, 1897
3
Q
WIlliam Penn came up with what city design?
A
Philadelphia, rectangular grid with streets crossing each other at a central square – (grids and parks)
4
Q
Annapolic plan
A
Radialcentric
5
Q
James Olgethorpe came up with what city design?
A
Savannah, ward park system.
6
Q
Oridnance of 1785
A
Provided for the rectangular land survey of the west in 36 sq mile grids. SIngle largest act of national planning in our history. Each square #16 would be a school.
7
Q
Design for Capitol in DC
A
Created by L’Enfant in 1791. Design completed in 1902 by McMillon
8
Q
When did the Erie Canal open?
A
- Greatly reduced shipping costs to the west, opened up Ohio and Midwest to more trade
9
Q
Homestead Act
A
- Permitted new western settlers to claim 160 acres of public land if they lived there 5 years.
10
Q
Morrill Act
A
- Proceeds for sale of public lands go to build agtilculture colleges
11
Q
Riverside, IL
A
- Designing by Olmstead and Vaux as the first suburb west of Chicago
12
Q
“Old” New York Tenement Law
A
1879 - required window openings and a bathroom per floor. Start of the dumbell tenements.
13
Q
Pullman, IL
A
- Industrial town built for Pullman’s employees
14
Q
Book: How the Other Half Lives
A
- by Jacob Riis, inspired social reform
15
Q
What book inspired social reform and Hull House?
A
How the Other Half Lives, by Jacob Riis
16
Q
World Colombian Exposition
A
- Designed by Daniel Burnham, started the City Beautiful Movement
17
Q
Book: Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Reform
A
- by Ebenezer Howard
18
Q
Letchworth and Welwyn
A
Garden cities built in England by Ebenezer Howard
19
Q
“New” New York Tenement Law
A
- Outlawed dumbell tenements
20
Q
1st National Conference on Planning
A
- In DC, represented transition to planning by professionals
21
Q
1909 Plan for Chicago
A
Designing by Burnham and Bennett, did not get built
22
Q
Radiant City
A
- Le Courbousier’s plan for tall towers in parks
23
Q
Standard State Zone Enabling Act
A
1922
24
Q
Concentric Zone Theory
A
- by Ernest Burgess. Central biz, mixed use, working class res, middle class suburb, outermost for the rich
25
State City Planning Enabling Act
1928
26
Plan for Radburn, NJ
1929. by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, based on Garden City. Included alleys behind the homes and communal gardens
27
Concept of Neighborhood Unit
1929. by Clarence Perry
28
Broadacre City
1932. Frank Lloyd Wright. Concept of everyone traveling by car and each getting an acre of land.
29
Central Place Theory
1933. by Walter Chirsaller. Settlements function as a place for services, therefore the bigger the settlement, the fewer there are in total.
30
City Humane Movement
Roosevelt's pre-war administraion, focus on social and economic issues
31
Resettlement Administration
Helped move farmers to better lands after the Depression and moved people to New Towns, influenced by Garden Cities
32
Famous Greenbelt Towns
Greenbelt, MD, Greenhills, OH, Greendale, WI
33
Theory of City Evolution
1939. by Homer Hoyt. Sector theory, based on the concentric circle concept
34
Multiple Nuceli Model
1945. by Harris and Ullman. Multiple business districts will pop up as a city grows.
35
Factors helping subrubs grow in the 50's
GI Bill; easier to buy a car; places like Levittown being built; sunbelt migration; Eisenhower's freeways; invention of air conditioning
36
Great Society
1960's concept with major spending on education, medical care, housing, and addressing urban problems
37
Book: Cities in Evolution
1915. by Patrick Geddes. Discussed how planning should involve citizens
38
Book: Neighborhood Unit
1929. by Clarence Perry. Cities are aggregations of smaller units. Neighoborhoods should have schools kids can walk to, protect peds, and 5,000-9,000 people
39
Book: Modern Housing
1934. Catherine Bauer. Political demands for the housing movement to support low-rent housing
40
Book: Image of the City
by Kevin Lynch. Paths, Edges, Characteristics, Nodes, Landmarks; introduced the term wayfinding and imageability
41
Book: Silent Spring
by Rachel Carson. Harmful effect of pesticides
42
Book: Death and Life of Great American Cities
by Jane Jacobs. Critique of 1950s urban planning policy, which it holds responsible for the decline of many city neighborhoods
43
Book: City in History
by Lewis Mumford. Argument for a more humane approach to cities that integrates nature
44
Book: Urban General Plan
by TJ Kent. How the general plan should address long range development
45
Book: The Power Broker
1974. by Robert Caro, about Robert Moses' impact on NYC and planning
46
Book: The Social Life of Small Urban Places
1980. by William Whyte
47
Book: Edge City
by Joel Garraeu
48
Book: Rural Design
1994. by Randall Arendt. How small towns can avoid sprawl and stay clustered to retain their nature
49
Book: The Rise of the Creative Class
2002. by Richard Florida. Cities should attract talent, tolerance and tech to thrive
50
Book: Devil in the White City
2003. by Erik Larson. Follows events of 1893 World's Fair
51
Book; The High Price of Free Parking
by Donald Shoup
52
Book: Rules for Radicals
by Saul Alinsky
53
Saul Alinsky
American community organizer
54
Jane Jacobs
American/Canadian activist. Promoted concepts of eyes on the street and social capitol. Critic of urban renewal and Robert Moses
55
Paolo Soleri
Created experiemental town of Arcology in AZ. Building with minimal impact on the earth
56
John DeGrove
Father of growth management in FL
57
Jean Gottman
Study on the urban region of the Northeast megalopolis.
58
Norman Krumholtz
Equity planning. Planning director of Cleaveland
59
Peter Calthorpe
Founder of the Congress for New Urbanism. Created the concept of TOD
60
Andres Duany
Founder of the Congress for New Urbanism.
61
Patrick Geddes
Father of Regional Planning
62
Edward Basset
Father of American Zoning
63
Daniel Burnham
Father of City Planning
64
Lawrence Vellier
Father of the Modern Housing Code
65
Ian McHarg
Father of Ecological Planning
66
Paul Davidoff
Father of Advocacy Planning
67
First National Park
1872. Yellowstone
68
First Skyscraper
1884. Chicago
69
First National Wildlife Refuge
1903. Florida
70
First Planning Commission
1907. Hartford, CT
71
First US Transcontinental Highway
1913. Lincoln Highway
72
First City Zoning Ordinance
1916. NYC
73
First Historic Preservation Commission
1912. Vieux Carre, New Orleans
74
First Historic Preservation Ordinance
1921. Charleston
75
First Regional Planning Commission
1922. LA County
76
First City Comprehensive Plan
1925. Cinncinnati
77
First Limited Access Highway
1926. Bronx River Parkway
78
American City Planning Institute formed
1917
79
American Society of Planning Officials formed
1934
80
APA formed through 2 groups joining
1978
81
How many members does APA have?
40,000
82
How many AICP members are there?
15,000+
