Kinetoscope
1893-1897
Chicago expedition
An early motion-picture device in which the images were viewed through a peephole
Cinema of Attractions
Phycological investment
New perception
Monstrative attraction
Narrative Integration
Narrative Integration
A system which the cinema followed an integrated process of narrativeization
The basics of cinema and the techniques
MPPC
Created in 1908
First case of vertical integration
Eastman Codac could only supply MPPC
GFC
General Film Company
Produced films from the Trust
Unable to rapidly adjust to audiences needs for feature length films
IMP
Indépendant Motion Pictures
Created by Carl Lammle
Becomes Universal Studios
“Thé Indépendants”
Indépendant film production companies that went against the Edison Company.
1909-1915: independents fight back
Carl Lammle started IMP
AM&B
American Mutescope and Biograph (1895-1916)
Edison company with William Kennedy Dickson
Biograph
A camera invented by AM&B to shoot films
Serpentine Dance
Iconic association of color with the feminine body is also a shared visual traction across a variety of media
Implicit and explicit sensuality of the female body
Cinema of attractions
By Annabelle 1896
“Burden of Representation”
Idea of being represented in a media platform to promote issues going on in black communities
Oscar Micheaux
WLK Dickson
Invented cinema and the kinetoscope
Leaves American Mutiscope and Bioscope
Edison sure for parents, loses because of sprockets
Thomas Edison
Inventor of camera
Edison Co. controls via litigation (1907-08)
Never patented vita or kino in Europe
Trust dissolves (1915)
Vitascope
WKL Dickson and Edison’s projection screen
Nickelodeon
Theatres that cost a nickel
Round time films/ never stop
1903/1905-1908
Edwin S. Porter
Film pioneer Worked w/ Edison Manufacturing Company and Famous Player Film Company Created The Great Train Robbery No development or contrast in the film About the idea of the concept
Pathé
Largest producer of films and equipment(French) (1896)
Gaumont
French studio (1895) Dominated Russian film industry
Star Films and Melies
(1911) French film company by Georges Melies (1861-1938)
French Impressionism
1918-1929
Camera and editing techniques argumentés the beauty of the image and evoked characters phycolocial states
German Expressionism
(1920-22)
Internal thoughts expressed through mise-en-scene
Urban madness
Visual distortion
Photogenie
By not filming something, you give it a new life
FW Murnau
German film director
Joined Fox Studios (1926)
UFA
Largest production company created by the government
(Dec 18, 1917)
Helped country after WWI
Parufamet
German distributor that founded between Paramount, MGM and UFA
Erich Pommer
Founder of UFA
GW Pabst
Australian film director
Focused on interrelationships between social conditions and the individual
Decla-Bioscope
Decla Film, à German production studio, joined with Edison’s Bioscope production studio (1920)
New Objective/ Street Films
class divide, impoverishment, social realism, characters driven toward an unsentimental reality
Kammerspiel
Domestic dramas
Subjectivity
Unchained camera
“Russian Ending”
Everyone dies
Kuleshove Effect
Associate cause to images based on knowledge
Form of montage
Eisenstein
Dynamic/ movement
Montage is conflict
Dialectic: Marxism’s explication for change
Vertov
Documentarian
Ciné-eye: sees world as machine sees it
Takes things apart and puts them back together
Man with a movie camera
Kino-eye
Mechanical eye improves biology
Sees a new
Montage
The process to piece together images to create a whole new meaning (Eisenstein)
Dadaism
Parody of enlightenment
About the nonsensical *
Surrealism
Odd or uncanny
Unconscious potential of the art movement
Shouldn’t make sense
Abstraction
Non narrative films
Don’t attempt to reference reality or concrete subjects
Rely on unique qualities of motion, rhythms, light and composition to create an emotional response
Cubism
All about perception
Style of art including geometric shapes and planes
Vision subjective
Avant Garde
Non narrative
New and unusual or experimental
Against traditional cinema
Irving Thalberg
Helped manage MGM
Leader in 1925
MGM became the most successful studio
Louis B. Mayer
Co founder of MGM
Adolf Zukor
Founder of Paramount Pictures
Famous Players-Lasky
1916- formed by Zukor
Creation of the Star System (1915)
Merged FPC with 12 independents
Mary Pickford- first modern film star
Carl Laemmle
Founder of Universal
Created IMP
Left the Trust because of restrictions
Nick Schenck
1923: new leader of MGM
Wanted to be more vertically integrated
Focused on stock
Joe Schenck
Partnered with MGM
Nick Schenck brother
President of United Artists
Turned united Artists into Twentieth Century Fox (1935)
Marcus Loew
Vaudeville actor
Buys Metro pictures (1920)
Owner of Lowe’s/ MGM
United Artists
A studio run by artists (Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, DW Griffith) to be able to produce their own art
Balaban and Katz
A theater in 1916
Became a part of the United Paramount Theatres (1948)
Technicolor Process
2 color process: used prisms to project 2 beam of light (1926)
Red, green, crane
3 color process
Black and white film
Cyan, magenta, yellow
+ strips soaked in wash and glued together
The Black Pirate
By Douglas Fairbanks (1926)
First technicolor film
Universal City
Longest lasting studio
Carl Lammle
Paramount
Owner: Adolf Zukor
Universal
Founded by Carl Lammle Constant competition with Zukor Struggling to keep up with the “Big 5” Bad place after the Great Depression J Cheever Cowdin took over in 1939
RKO
Created to work with Radio Corporation of America’s (RCA) RCA worse than WE Last vertically integrated studio Founder David Sarnoff 1928 Floyd Odlum took over in 1935
Warner Brothers
Harry, Albert, Jack and Sam Warner founders (1923) Vitaphone-1926 Fathers of sound (the jazz singer) 1925: global distribution 1930s: 360 theatres Cartoons WE incorporated
Vitaphone
Sound-on-disk system Warner Brothers (1926-31) Last analog sound on disk system which was widely used and commercially successful
Fox Movietone News
1928-63
A newsreel in the US
Produced silent news reels
Sound-on-film
Sound that is on the strip of film itself, where light reads the sound waves on the strip
Western Electric
Sound recording company
Worked with Warner Brothers
Sound on film vs vitaphone a sound on disk
Fox Studios
William Fox: owner (1919)
1920: worldwide studio issues
1924: opens larger studio
1925: failed so work w/ WE
1929: worked w/ WE And Fox buys socks from Lowe’s
Loew’s/ MGM
Vertically integrated
Many theatres
1922- radio
Signed w/ WE
Vertical Integration
Monopolistic practice where you own everything (execution, distribution, exhibition spaces)
1920s Big Three & Little Five
All three vertically integrated
Paramount- Publix
Lowe’s/ MGM
First National
Fox Universal Warner Brothers Producer’s Distributing Co Film Booking Office
1930s Big Five & Little Three
Big Five (vertically integrated) Paramount Warner Brothers Fox RKO Lowe’s/ MGM
Little Three
Columbia
United Artists
Universal
MPPDA
Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America (1922)
Hays Code- censorship
A way to keep Hollywood Financially stable
Will Hayes
Issues in the early 1922
MPPDA
Will Hayes was the first leader (1922-45)
Dealt with reformers who wanted govt censorship and foreign govts
To maintain power:
- Government censorship
- International/ distribution restrictions
- Threat of labor unrest
Abel Gance
French Director
La Roue
