History Flashcards by Tiago de Souza Jensen

First settlers in Champagne

Celts

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Rome ruled Champagne from

50AD to 461AD (collapse of the Empire)

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Roman name for Reims

Durocortorum

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Champagne was in what Roman Province

Gallia Belgica

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Year of defeat of Attila the Hun

451 in Chalons-sur-Marne

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5th century, what tribe pushed West & under what leader

Franks under Clovis

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Louis VIII crowned in Cathedral of Reims

1223

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How many french kings crowned in Cathedral of Reims?

27 kings from Louis VIII (1223) to Charles X (1825) = over 600yrs

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Years of the Hundred Years War

1337-1453. King of England vs House of Valois

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Abbey Saint-Pierre de Hautvillers founded

650

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In 12th century, how many communes grew grapes?

131 communes.

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In the 15th century, how many communes grew grapes?

400 communes.

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Thirty Years War dates

1618-1648

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Dom Pérignon birth/death

1638/9 to 1715

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What is Tocane?

Sparkling wines from Ay, popular by the end of the 1600s but not well understood or controlled.

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3 main production developments in the 17th century

1) bottles were made with uniform neck openings
2) cork was reintroduced as a seal
3) new glass was developed in England that could withstand pressure

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How did glass get stronger in the 1600s?

1) Sir Robert Mansell convinced the King to prohibit the use of wood due to dwindling forests. Glassblowers switched to coal, which provided steadier and stronger heat.
2) Mansell, trying to make coloured glass, added iron and manganese, creating stronger glass.

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Name of Dom Perignon’s successor

Frere Pierre

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First written reference to sparkling wine

1710 - ‘Vins pour mousser’ and ‘vins mousseux’

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Debut of official champagne bottle

March 8, 1735, by royal decree. Had to weigh min. 25oz and hold a Paris pint.

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Ruinart est.

1729

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Moet est.

1743

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Delamotte & Lanson est.

1760

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Veuve-Clicquot est.

1772

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Roederer est.

1776

Heidsieck est.

1785

French Revolution date

1789

English ban on importation of wine in bottle

1729-1800 (King George II)

Total production at end of 1700s

About 300,000 bottles

Perrier-Jouet est.

1811

Billecart-Salmon est.

1825

Mumm Giesler & Cie. est.

1827

Renaudin-Bollinger est.

1829

Deutz est.

1838

Krug est.

1843

Pol Roger est.

1853

First mention of sugar being added to increase effervescence

1821

Year Pasteur discovered yeast

1857

Equation for sugar to atm of pressure

4g sugar = 1atm pressure

Invention of the pupitre

1840 Collab. between Madame Clicquot & chef de cave Antoine Muller

Beginning of Sec bottlings

1850s, for the English market, especially coming from Veuve Clicquot

Jacquesson est.

1798

Invention of the Muselet

1844 by Adolphe Jacquesson, widely adopted by end of 1870s

Total production at end of 1800s

28.5 million bottles

Angers Court of Appeal decision

1887, decision that the word 'champagne' could only be used for wines from that region

Madrid Agreement

Ratified 1891 between 9 countries, to establish a union through which registered marks would be protected by member states.

Year phylloxera arrived in Champagne

1890

Year of creation of Federation des Syndicats Viticoles de la Champagne

1904

First law to regulate brands, marks, and areas of origin

1905, borders made official 1908

Creation of echelle des Crus

1911

Number of Grand Cru, Premier Cru, Other villages

17, 42, 261

Champagne Riots

Started in 1910, started seriously January 1911, ended June 1911.

Year the Aube was included in the Champagne Viticole

1927

Formation of Commission de Chalons

1935

Year of first bottling of Moet's Dom Perignon

1937

Year of first bottling of Cristal

1876

Who is Otto Klaebisch

German sparkling wine producer sent to Champagne to serve as Weinfuhrer to manage wine extraction and sale.

Year of formation of CIVC

1941

Year first intentionally crafted sparkling wine is made

1695/98

Mechanisation of glass-blowing

1936

Year phylloxera arrived

1888

Pre/post-phylloxera vineyard area

Pre: 50,000ha Post: 12,000ha

Current planting density

8,000 vines/ha

Total hectares under vine today

34,300ha

Date of INAO commission report for expanding the Champagne viticole

Submitted 2007, made public 2008

Taittinger est.

1734

Gosset est.

1584

Appearance of first "champagne glass"

1755, England - first called flute in 1772.

Methuen Treaty

1703, England guaranteed Portugal 1/3 of the duty excised on the wines of France

Approximately how many champagne houses are there?

320

Which houses use oak in NV Brut?

Jacquesson, Bollinger, Drappier, Roederer, Veuve Clicquot (soon, Lanson and Mumm).

What is Spécial Club?

1971: Club de Viticultures Champenois 1999: name changed to Club Trésors de Champagne + creation of prestige cuvée, 'Spécial Club'. RM only, subject to two blind tastings: one at still stage, second sometime after 36mo in bottle.

End of the Échelle des Crus

2003

Average price per hectare

850,000 Euros