History and Approaches

Question 1

Wave

Answer 1

School of thought

Question 2

Trephination

Answer 2

Stone Age humans carving holes through the skull to release evil spirits.

Question 3

Plato and Democritus

Answer 3

Theorized about the relationship between thought and behavior

Question 4

When was the beginning of scientific psychology?

Answer 4

1879

Question 5

Who set up the first psychological laboratory in an apartment near the university at Leipzig-German?

Answer 5

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Question 6

The examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes?

Answer 6

Introspection

Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt used what technique in his experiments?

Answer 7

Introspection

Question 8

What’s the theory of structuralism?who described this theory?

Answer 8

• The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations
• Wilhelm Wundt

Question 9

Who published the science’s first textbook?when?the title?

Answer 9

William James, 1890, The Principles of Psychology

Question 10

Which theory did James use?

Answer 10

Functionalism

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

How these structures Wundt identified function in our lives

Question 12

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930)

Answer 12

• Studied with William James

- Became president of the American Psychological Association

Question 13

Margaret Floy Washburn

1871-1939

Answer 13

First woman to earn ph.d in psychology

Question 14

G.Stanley Hall 1844-1924`

Answer 14

• Student of William James
• Study of child development
• First president of the American Psychological Association

Question 15

Wundt and James were experimenting with which theory?

Answer 15

Introspection

Question 16

Gestalt psychologists

1880-1943

Answer 16

• Argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures (person’s total experience)
• “the whole experience is often more than just the sum of the parts of the experience”
• Examine client’s difficulty and the context in which the difficulty occurs

Question 17

Which theory revolutionized psychology?

Answer 17

Psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Question 18

Unconscious mind?

Answer 18

A part of our mind over which we do not have conscious control that determines how we think and behave

Question 19

Repression?

Answer 19

The pushing down into the unconscious events and feelings that cause so much anxiety and tension that our conscious mind cannot deal with them

Question 20

According to Freud we can examine the unconscious mind thorugh?

Answer 20

Dream analysis, word association, other psychoanalytic therapy techniques

Question 21

Freud’s theory has been criticized for?

Answer 21

Being unscientific and creating unverifiable theories (no evidence)

Question 22

Freud’s theory are now used by psychologists in

Answer 22

Day-to-day speech (e.g defense mechanisms)

Question 23

John Watson (1878-1958)

Answer 23

• Studied the conditioning experiments of Ivan Pavlov

- Psychology should be based on observable phenomena to be considered a science

Question 24

Behaviorists

Answer 24

Look at only behavior and causes of behavior, stimuli (environmental events) and responses (physical reactions)

Question 25

B.F Skinner | 1904-1990

Answer 25

Included the idea of "reinforcement"

Question 26

Reinforcement?

Answer 26

Environmental stimuli that either encourage or discourage certain responses

Question 27

What was the dominant school of thought in psychology from the 1920s through the 1960s?

Answer 27

Behaviorism

Question 28

Psychologists that base their ideas and therapies from multiple perspectives are?

Answer 28

Eclectic