History and examinations Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Which conditions are important to ask about in suspected carpal tunnel? (2)
A
HypoT and DM
2
Q
What medication is it important to ask about in suspected acute gout?
A
New diuretic
3
Q
In suspected osteoporosis what medication is it important to find out whether they’re taking?
A
Long term corticosteroids
4
Q
Medial epicondyle is the muscle origin of which forearm muscles?
A
Flexors
5
Q
Lateral epicondyle is the muscle origin of which forearm muscles?
A
Extensors
6
Q
What stigmata of systemic disease might you be looking for in the elbow exam?
A
psoriatic plaques
rheumatoid nodules
7
Q
Golfers elbow =
A
tendonitis of the flexors (medial epicondyle insertion)
8
Q
Tennis elbow =
A
tendonitis of the extensors (lateral epicondyle insertion)
9
Q
Basic tests for functional problems with the elbow (3)
A
- both hands behind head
- both hands up to their mouth
- both hands down to their bottom
10
Q
pes planus can cause -
A
foot pronation and valgus deformity of the heel
11
Q
pes cavus can cause -
A
varus deformation of the hind foot
12
Q
Simmonds test -
A
tests achilles tendon integrity
13
Q
Hip flexion myotome
A
L2+3
14
Q
Hip extension myotome
A
L4+5
15
Q
Knee extension myotome
A
L3+4
16
Q
Knee flexion myotome
A
L5+S1
17
Q
Ankle dorsiflexion myotome
A
L4+5
18
Q
Great toe extension
A
L5
19
Q
Ankle plantar flexion
A
S1
20
Q
Power of 0
A
no movement
21
Q
Power of 1 =
A
flicker of movement
22
Q
Power of 2 =
A
movement with gravity eliminated
23
Q
Power 3 =
A
movement of limb against gravity
24
Q
Power 4 =
A
reduced from normal
25
Power 5 =
normal power
26
Knee reflex myotome
L3/4
27
Ankle reflex myotome
L5/S1
28
Tredenlenburg gait cause
loss of abductor function
29
High stepping gait cause
Peroneal or sciatic nerve palsy
30
4 joints of the shoulder
sternoclavicular
acromiclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint
scapulothoracic
31
Movements of the shoulder
```
Flex
Extend
Abduct
Adduct
Internal rotation
External rotation
```
32
Jobes test
Shoulder abduction against resistance
| Tests supraspinatus
33
Lift off test
Tests subscapularis - medial rotation against resistance
34
What is used to test teres minor and infraspinatus?
External rotation against rotation
35
Where is the axillary nerve tested for? (sensation)
regimental badge area
36
Where is the sensation aspect of the median nerve tested for?
lateral aspect of the index finger
37
Where is the sensation aspect of the ulnar nerve tested for?
medial aspect of the little finger
38
Where is the sensation aspect of the radial nerve tested for?
dorsal 1st IO space
39
which way does the shoulder usually dislocate?
anteriorly
40
how to test for biceps tendonitis?
shoulder in 60 degrees flexion
elbow in full extension
arm fully supinated
41
+ve for biceps tendonitis, pain where?
bicipital groove
42
Muscle(s) that cause extension of the shoulder
Produced by the posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major.
43
Muscle(s) that cause flexion of the shoulder
Produced by the biceps brachii (both heads), pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis.
44
Muscle(s) that cause 0-15 degrees of abduction of the shoulder
supraspinatus
45
Muscle(s) that cause 15-90 degree of abduction of the shoulder
middle fibres of deltoid
46
Muscle(s) that cause 90+ abduction of the shoulder
trapezius and serratus anterior
47
Muscle(s) that cause adduction of the shoulder
Produced by contraction of pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major.
48
Muscle(s) that cause lateral rotation of the shoulder
teres minor and infraspinatus
49
Muscle(s) that cause medial rotation of the shoulder
Produced by contraction of subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid.
50
True hip pain often felt...?
in the groin
51
True leg length
ASIS to MM
52
Apparent leg length
Umbilicus ro MM
53
Tibial discrepancy showed by
one knee higher than the other
54
Femoral discrepancy showed by
one knee behind the other
55
-ve trendeleburg test
pelvis tilts upwards on the unsupported side
56
+ve trendelenburg test
pelvis tilts downwards on the unsupported side
57
Muscle(s) that cause flexion of the hip -
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
58
Muscle(s) that cause Extension of the hip -
Gluteus maximus
| Hamstrings
59
Muscle(s) that cause Abduction of the hip -
Glut medius and minimus
| Deep gluteals
60
Muscle(s) that cause Adduction of the hip
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
61
Muscle(s) that cause Lateral rotation of the hip
Biceps femoris
Gluteus max
Deep gluteals
62
Muscle(s) that cause Medial rotation of the hip
Glut medius and minimus
| Semitendinosus and semimbranosus
63
Heberdens nodes found where?
DIPJ
64
Bouchards nodes found where?
PIPJ
65
What type of subluxation is found in RA?
Radiocarpal
66
Ulnar claw is due to?
Hyperextension of MCP and flexion of PIPJ
67
Active movements of the hand (8)
Wrist flex / extend
Finger flexion / extend
Finger abduction and adduction
Pronation and supination
68
3 function test
Pinch grip
Power grip
Fine motor control
69
Muscle(s) that cause Wrist flexion -
Flexor carpi radialis
FCU
Palmaris longus
70
Muscle(s) that cause Wrist extension
Extensor CR (longus and brevis)
ECU
(R)
71
Muscle(s) that cause DIPJ flexion
Flexor digitorum profundus (M&U)
72
Muscle(s) that cause PIPJ flexion
Flexor digitorum superficialis (M)
73
Muscle(s) that cause MCPJ flexion and IP extension
Lumbricals (M&U)
74
Muscle(s) that cause Finger abduction
Dorsal interossei (U)
75
Muscle(s) that cause Finger adduction
Palmar interossei (U)
76
Muscle(s) that cause Extension of all joints in the hand
Extensor digitorum
77
Muscle(s) that cause Thumb abduction
Abductor policis brevis (M)
| Abductor policis longus (R)
78
Muscle(s) that cause Thumb adduction
Adductor pollicis (U)
79
Muscle(s) that cause Thumb opposition
Opponens pollicis (M)
80
Muscle(s) that cause Thumb extension
Extensor pollicis longus
81
Phalen test -
wrist held in max plantar flexion to reproduce CT symptoms
82
Tinel test
Tap over the median nerve
83
Schobers test aim
to quantify lumbar spine flexion
84
Straight leg raise tests which myotomes?
L5/S1
85
Femoral stretch test, tests which myotome?
L4
86
In adhesive capsulitis which movement is first and most restricted
External rotation
87
RF for adhesive capsulitis
female
diabetes
non dominant hand
88
Presentation of adhesive capsulitis
painful stiff shoulder with restriction of active and passive range of motion in abduction, internal and external rotation.
89
Presentation of acromioclavicular degeneration
popping, swelling, clicking and grinding
+ve scarf test
90
Subacromial impingement
painful arc on abduction, worse at 90 - 120 degrees
91
Rotator cuff tear presentation
specific trauma / chronic
weakness and pain
may be muscle wasting and tenderness
painful arc
92
Ortaloni test
Can reduce the hip when abducted
93
Barlow test
Hip dislocated with adduction
94
When is developmental dysplasia of the hip usually picked up ?
6 week baby check
95
main imaging used to pick up DDH?
USS
96
DDH diagnosed at <6m age, treatment
Pavlik harness
97
Perthes disease =
avascular necrosis of the femoral head
98
Age group affected by perthes disease?
3 -12 years old
99
Presentation of perthes disease
Hip / groin pain
| Limp
100
X-ray presentation of perthes disease
flattening of femoral ossific nucleus
| thickening of the femoral neck
101
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis presenation
hip pain, limp, pain referred to the knee
102
Ddx for a limping child
```
Septic arthritis
Trauma
Developmental dysplasia
Perthes
SUFE
Junvenile arthritis
```
103
Test for De Quervain's Tendinosis
Finkelstein test by placing your thumb against your hand, making a fist with your fingers closed over your thumb, and then bending your wrist toward your little finger.
104
Osgood–Schlatter disease presents ...
prominent tibial tuberosity and knee pain
