History and Legislation Flashcards
(45 cards)
What was the attitude of the early settlers in America towards the land?
unlimited supply of timber and wildlife with little or no government or laws to restrict their ambitions.
What was the attitude of the early settlers in America towards the wildlife?
Attitude evolved from unrestricted abundance and harvest to one of regulated management and equitable access.
In early America, how did Native Americans value and use wildlife?
- entire carcass of a bison - meat, hide, entrails and bones
- only killed female bison
-only took tongues or fetuses - other tribes ran herds of bison over cliffs or stored carcasses underwater for months
what era was the first wildlife laws established?
Era of abundance (1500-1849)
What colony established the first bounty system?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
What happened to wildlife population in the era of overexploitation?
populations began to decline
What were the contributing factors to wildlife populations declining in the era of overexploitation?
- habitat modifications
- repeating firearms
- transportation systems
- markets developing for wildlife
The passenger pigeon is an American tragedy. Write the story that led to the extinction of the passenger pigeon?
6- Alexander Wilson (ornithologist that observed one flight of migrating pigeons 250 miles long)
- Tree limb broke under the weight of the roosting bird
- Estimated 136 million nested in a 849 sq mi area of central Wisconsin
- hunting and destruction of habitat led to pigeon’s extinction
- but what really led to the pigeon’s extinction was the railroad (access to nesting colonies and migration routes) and telegraph (kept hunters informed about their location).
- pigeons laid only 1 egg which played a factor into their demise.
By 1885, the last colony was located in Wisconsin
What factors led to the extinction of the Labrador duck?
- eggs overharvested
- Feather trade
- decline in shallow water mollusk populations (food source)
Describe the Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862?
Passed on July 2, 1862, this act made it possible for states to establish public colleges funded by the development or sale of associated federal land grants.
In the era of protection, what was the principle cause for wildlife declines?
overexploitation
What is the Lacey Act (1900)?
Prohibits interstate transport of game that had been killed or possessed in violation of state law.
what is the migratory bird law (1913) ?
- gave protection to most migrating birds in North America
- Established federal control over the hunting of all migratory game birds
What is the migratory bird treaty act (1918) ?
includes within the concept of “Take” = hunting, capturing, or possessing adults, young, eggs, or nests
What is the Migratory Bird Conservation Act (1929) ?
This is an act that made regularly appropriated federal funds available for the purchase of refuge lands.
What was the first federal refuge ?
Pelican Island : established in 1903
Who is the father of “Conservation Movement”?
Theodore Roosevelt
What did Theodore Roosevelt establish?
> 100 national forests
5 national parks
4 national game reserves
51 wild bird refuges
what did John Muir contribute to wild places?
- Partly responsible for the development of Yellowstone and Sequoia National Parks.
- Started the Sierra Club
Who is Giffored Pinchot
- chief of what is now known as the U.S. Forest Service
- Author of The Fight for Conservation
- Coined the term “Conservation Ethic”
Who designed the first migratory bird stamp and was his known for his cartoons ?
Jay “Ding” Darling
Who wrote the book Game Management ?
Aldo Leopold
What were some of the significant contributions that Rachel Carson made in the Era of Game Management ?
- Warned others of the effects of synthetic chemical pesticides.
- Challenged scientists and the government
- credited for the recovery of the Bald Eagle
When waterfowl hunters purchase a federal duck stamp, where do the proceeds go?
To wetland restoration and protection
