History and Physical Exam Flashcards

Question

What can cause wheezing

Answer 1

secretions tissue inflammation foreign body

Answer 2

rapid breathing | may be associated with dyspnea

Answer 3

slow breathing

Answer 4

Dyspnea in the upright position

Answer 5

hyperventilation | - minute ventilation in excess of metabolic demand

Answer 6

Muscle cramps in hands and feet | associated with hyperventilation and hypocalcemia

Answer 7

slow respiratory rate to uncramp hands

Answer 8

palpable vibrations transmitted through the bronchopulmonary tree to the chest wall

Answer 9

phenomena of increased volume and clarity of sounds transmitted through solid or liquid opposed to air

Answer 10

normal, symmetrical upward and outward movement of the ribs and chest wall during inspiration

Answer 11

movement of diaphragm from its high resting position to lower, flattened position when it is flexed in inspiration

Answer 12

condition of inadequate oxygenation of blood

Answer 13

bluish discoloration of skin secondary to hypoxia or inadequate peripheral circulation

Answer 14

component of red blood cell that binds oxygen molecules

Answer 15

stable complex of CO and hemoglobin that forms in RBC | hinders ability for O2 to bind to hemoglobin

Answer 16

checks oxygen level but can't detect carboxyhemoglobin

Answer 17

Vesicular bronchovesicular bronchial

Answer 18

soft low heard through inspiration and partway into expiration

Answer 19

Louder | heard on inspiration and expiration and sometimes separated by interval

Answer 20

louder higher pitch expiratory sounds longer than inspiratory sounds

Answer 21

Crackles (rales) Wheezing Rhonchi

Answer 22

``` intermittent non-musical brief higher pitched occur first in inspiration and later in both fine or coarse sound ```

Answer 23

high pitched with musical quality | begins in expiratory but as severity increases can be both

Answer 24

low pitched sound like snoring suggest secretions in airways can be one or both

Answer 25

breathing in things that don't belong in lungs

Answer 26

alcohol misuse age immunosupression

Answer 27

``` Smoking Aspiration Debilitation Chronic disease pulmonary disease ```

Answer 28

DM renal failure CHF

Answer 29

COPD - emphysema chronic bronchitis asthma Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 30

``` Inspection Palpation Ascultation Percussion Special tests ```

Answer 31

grating or crunchiness with fracture

Answer 32

consolidated fluid between lung and chest wall

Answer 33

air between lung and chest wall

Answer 34

soft intensity high pitch short duration

Answer 35

medium intensity medium pitch medium duration

Answer 36

loud intensity low pitch long duration * normal lung

Answer 37

very loud intensity lower pitch longer duration

Answer 38

loud intensity | high pitch

Answer 39

``` Bronchophony Egophony Whispered pectoriloquy Chest wall expansion diaphragmatic excursion ```

Answer 40

mechanical reflex involving a deep inspiration Increases lung volume sudden opening of closed glottis

Answer 41

``` URI (viral) LRTI exacerbation of COPD allergic rhinitis irritants from rhinitis irritants to bronchial tree ```

Answer 42

``` COPD chronic sinus drainage asthma GERD meds psychiatric ```

Answer 43

``` Irritant - dust Allergens - pollen Toxic substances - gastric acid inflammation - asthma cold air smoke change humidity or temp infection ```

Answer 44

expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract below the level of the larynx

Answer 45

``` bronchitis pneumonia TB CA PE CHF HTN trauma ```

(76 cards)