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History & Systems > History and Systems Deck1 > Flashcards

History and Systems Deck1 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Exposure vs. Systematic Desensitization

A

Systematic desensitization techniques suggest exposure might be the active ingredient

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2
Q

Common Factors in Therapy

A

Therapeutic alliance; Some Exposure Component/Confronting Problems; Therapist Allegiance; Client experience of Mastery/Self-Efficacy;

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3
Q

Rogers (1957)

A

Necessary&Sufficient Conditions of Change- 1)In a relationship; 2) Client incongruent/anxious; 3) Therapist congruent IN RELATIONSHIP; 4) Unconditional Regard; 5) Therapist EMPATHY for client; 6) Client notices 3&4

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4
Q

Freud on Resistance

A

“Resistance” is the employment of defenses when ego is confronted with dangerous ideas; for Freud the evidence of the centrality of repression.

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5
Q

Freud on Treatment Motivation

A

Ego’s synthetic function; Libidinal energies attached to therapist; transferential desire to improve/impress

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6
Q

Ego’s Synthetic Function

A

Powered by Eros: Ego integrates and unifies inner id-world experiences and external experiences into a cogent whole;

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7
Q

Intrapersonal Congruence

A

Rogers measure of how much an individual’s organismic experience is integrated with self-representation; Experience needs to be symbolized and integrated into self-structure to achieve congruence

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8
Q

Interpersonal Congruence

A

Rogers’ measure of how much of what we communicate to others is consistent with our own awareness

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9
Q

Constricted Dasein

A

Narrow illumination of one’s worlds; Failing to engage in broader horizons/possibilites (But avoiding anxiety of regret and freedom)

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10
Q

Define: Translational Research

A

research addressing how basic behavioral processes inform the diagnosis/prevention/treatment for mental illness (and vice versa)

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11
Q

Purposive Behaviorism

A

Tolman: Notion that behaviors are molar& defined by their goals; S->R is mediated by intervening variables (cognitions?)

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12
Q

Mindfulness

A

State of open & receptive awareness; Even hovering over experience as presented

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13
Q

Attributional Reformulation of Learned Helplessness

A

Abramson et al (1978)- have internal/stable/global explanatory style for negative events

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14
Q

Ellis cognitive model

A

Activating Event -> Beliefs -> Consequences(Emotional/Behavioral)

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15
Q

REBT

A

Ratio-Emotive Behavior Therapy- replace ABCs with Disputing for Effectively new beliefs

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16
Q

What is the main method of Beck’s CBT?

A

Access/identify maladaptive cognitions/schemas then test them against reality (“collaborative empiricism”)

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17
Q

Freud (1923)

A

Ego & Id- Structural model of Ego as emerging from Id meeting reality;

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18
Q

Cite: Structural model of Ego as emerging from Id meeting reality;

A

Freud (1923)- Ego & Id-

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19
Q

Anna Freud (1936)

A

“Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense”- Taxonomy of defense mechanisms understanding them as adaptive ways to manage anxiety

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20
Q

Taxonomy of defense mechanisms understanding them as adaptive ways to manage anxiety

A

Anna Freud (1936)- “Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense”-

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21
Q

What defense mechanisms are related to “resistance” in therapy?

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A

Repression-Push down desires (countercathexis); Denial- Shut threatening material out of consciousness (primitive!); Isolation-repression of affect associated with threat

22
Q

Seligman (1995)

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A

Consumer Reports- Longterm therapy better than short-term; Type of therapist/type of therapy irrelevant

23
Q

Cite: Consumer Reports- Longterm therapy better than short-term; Type of therapist/type of therapy irrelevant

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A

Seligman (1995)

24
Q

Wampold et al (1997)

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A

Dodo bird study- Effect sizes of all treatment comparisons are distributed evenly around 0

25
Cite: Dodo bird study- Effect sizes of all treatment comparisons are distributed evenly around 0
Wampold et al (1997)
26
Ahn & Wampold (2001)
Meta-analysis of component/dismantling studies which finds that the theoretically critical components waver around zero
27
Cite: Meta-analysis of component/dismantling studies which finds that the theoretically critical components waver around zero
Ahn & Wampold (2001)
28
Jacobson et al (1996)
BA therapy AS EFFECTIVE as CBT; calls into question the cognitive restructuring value of CBT
29
Cite: BA therapy AS EFFECTIVE as CBT; calls into question the cognitive restructuring value of CBT
Jacobson et al (1996)
30
Strengths of Efficacy Trials
High internal validity; Clear causality;
31
Weaknesses of Efficacy Trials
Seligman-Random assign doesn't match real world therapy selection; Nathan etal(2000)- Manualized doesn't represent practice; Removal of too many patients
32
What are the 4 principles of MI?
Empathy; Roll with Resistance; Develop Discrepancy; Stay on Change Talk
33
What is change talk?
Staying talking about change: How would you; Why would you?; Other changes you've successfully made (self-efficacy!); Explore multiple ways to change/directions
34
Resistance in Rogerian Model
Existential Choice- When you are congruent in your communication you risk conditional regard/rejection/threat
35
Treatment motivation in Rogerian Model
Assumption of an actualizing tendency- Client will be engaged in therapy when experiencing change/possibility for growth/healing
36
What does it mean to "Roll with Resistance"
When resistant statements are given: Therapist uses "momentum" and explores/takes active interest in resistance
37
What is the CBT approach to SUDs?
Behavioral- Adjust reinforcement contingencies (token economies/lottery very useful in rehab); Naltroxone/Methadone fits model; Cognitive- Beliefs about relapse; Challenge beliefs about "hopelessness"
38
What is the MI approach to SUDs?
Motivational Enhancement Therapy- Manualized 4-session treatment built on MI principles; Develop discepancies to address ambiguous motivations/feelings; Emphasize rolling with resistance
39
Theories influenced by Mechanism
Freud's psychoanalysis (Physical metaphor of libidinal energies; Economic model; Influence through Helmholtz); Watson's behaviorism;
40
Theories influenced by Organismic Perspectives
Ego psychology (including Freud's own Ego models); Winnicott; Rogers/Maslow's notion of self-actualization/structuring; Bowlby's "attachment system"
41
Theories influenced by Existentialism/Freedom
Nondeterminism in Rogers/Maslow; Yalom's existential therapy; Metacognitive work in Beck reflects Existentialism's "Reflective Capacity" (but would Beck see the connection?)
42
Shedler (2010)
Review of efficacy studies: psychodynamic treatments just as good as "evidence based" treatments; Stronger effects over longer time (Less relapse; possibly CONTINUE growing?); Wider/more general outcomes favor psychodynamic
43
Cite: Review of efficacy studies: psychodynamic treatments just as good as "evidence based" treatments; Stronger effects over longer time (Less relapse; possibly CONTINUE growing?); Wider/more general outcomes favor psychodynamic
Shedler (2010)
44
Blagys & Hilsenroth (2000)
7 Features of Psychodynamic- 1)Affect Focus 2)Explore avoidance; 3)ID Themes/Patterns; 4)Developmental; 5/6)Interpersonal/Therapy Relationships; 7)Wishes/Fantasies
45
Cite:7 Features of Psychodynamic- 1)Affect Focus 2)Explore avoidance; 3)ID Themes/Patterns; 4)Developmental; 5/6)Interpersonal/Therapy Relationships; 7)Wishes/Fantasies
Blagys & Hilsenroth (2000)
46
Cognitive View of Self
Cognitions can be automatic; Behaviors can be reinforced; but SELF is metacognitive (can rationally dispute/explore otherwise automatic things)
47
Mindfulness & Self
Self is separate from experience; Can maintain open/receptive
48
Psychodynamic views of self
Kohut's Self-psychology (Self is representation; Has relational needs); Winnicott- self integrated through mother's holding/recognized as separate thru empathic failures; Freud- Development of Ego when Id encounters reality
49
History of Cognitive Revolution?
Tolman: Purposive Behaviorism->Rotter/Bandura: Social Learning Theory->Beck/Ellis
50
Psychodynamic Family Tree?
3 Paths; P1:Freud's Structural Model->Ego Psychology(A. Freud; Hartmann;Erikson); P2:Freud Drive Theory->Object-Relations(Winnicott; Klein)->Self-Psychology(Kohut); P3:O-R->Attachment
51
Kohut's Needs
Mirroring Need; Idealizing Need; Twinship Need (Later development)<- All about the Self in relationship to others

History & Systems (1 decks)

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