Who is usually credited as being the first to release asylum inmates from their bonds?
Philippe Pinel
The consequence of conditional positive regard is what?
Child develops conditions of worth (love and praise that is withheld unless an individual conforms to parental or social standards) or child’s self is not allowed to develop fully
What is isomorphism?
The doctrine that there is a correspondence between psychological or conscious experience and the underlying brain
Who is considered the spiritual father of humanistic psychology?
Abraham Maslow
Define catharsis.
A concept developed by Aristotle to treat emotional difficulties
Neisser’s definition of cognitive uses what metaphor?
Everything a person might do
How did Freud react to challenges to his theory?
He created a secret committee
In Murray’s system, stories or interpretations projecting fantasy imagery onto an objective stimuli are called what?
TAT
What is the collective unconscious?
Deepest level of the psyche containing inherited experiences of human and prehuman species
What did Anna Freud do her pioneering work on?
Child psychoanalysis
The majority of Maslow’s research would be characterized as what?
Self – actualization (characteristics shared by self-actualized persons)
What old school of psychology infuses modern psychology?
Behaviorism
The primary goal of psychoanalysis (as therapy) is?
Free association (Freudian slip), resistance, repression and dream analysis
What did Köhler discover in his work with apes?
Their ability to devise and use simple tools and build simple structures (insight learning)
What got Wertheimer interested in perception?
Phi phenomenon (At longer intervals, the lights appeared successively, and at shorter intervals they appeared to be on all the time); a psychological experience that is not reducible to its elements (must study holistically)
The difference between psychic and somatic is? Which was dominant at the time of Freud?
Psychic – used emotional or psychological explanation for mental illness; Somatic – believed mental ileness was caused by some physical condition (lesions of the brain). Psychic
T.O.T.E. stands for what?
Test – check plan Operate – make corrections Test – checking again Exit – completing the plan
One thing that psychoanalysis and behaviorism share is what?
Both firmly opposed in definitions of problems and approaches to problems
Who initiated the positive psychology movement?
Martin Seligman
Why isn’t humanism more mainstream in psychology?
practitioners in private practice rather than academia, comparatively little research and few publications, no graduate training programs and ill-timed attacks on the psychoanalytic and behavioristic schools.
Who was the Father of American Psychiatry?
Benjamin Rush
According to Erich Fromm, many people cannot embrace their freedom because?
They cannot cope with many uncertain elements of freedom and choice
Who suggested the concept of monads?
Gottfried Leibniz
From where do Jungian archetypes derive?
Inherited tendencies within the collective unconscious; predispose people to behave similarly to ancestors confronted with similar situations
Who was responsible for the iceberg analogy of the consciousness and unconsciousness often used to describe Freudian psychology?
Carl Jung
What did the ego psychologists differ with Freud on?
They disagree with his emphasis on sex
Why did Gestalt psychology fail to “take” in the US?
Because they did not have any graduate programs. Also they all end up at small schools = no graduate students to carry on the movement.
Which original schools of thought have retained their identies within modern psychology?
Behavioral & psychoanalysis
Which Gestaltist, who wasn’t Jewish, demanded reinstatement of his Jewish colleagues?
Wolfgang Kohler
How did Anna Freud’s system of psychoanalysis differ from her fathers?
She moved away from instinctual drives toward a psychology of the ego
Describe Erikson’s process of development.
More psychosocial, it is the social circumstances that are likely to have a large impact on “Trust Vs Mistrust” (is my caregiver giving me adequate care and love)
Why is humanism sometimes referred to as the third force?
They wanted to take over psychology and discredit every other school
Compare and contrast humanistic psychology with psychoanalytic psychology.
Psychoanalysis deals with the unconscious whereas humanistic psychology deals with persons of normal mental health that want to
The basic human motivation in Roger’s system is ?
the development of an unconditional regard. (coming to a positive self-esteem)
How do Erik Erikson’s views differ from Sigmund Freud’s views of personality?
Freud focuses on sex whereas Erikson focuses on crisis that the ego has.
In Anna Freud’s system, what are defense mechanisms?
Specific unconscious structures that enable an individual to avoid awareness of anxiety arousing issues. (Behaving immaturely to avoid responsibility)
What is the central idea of Karen Horney’s theory of personality development?
Basic anxiety, the belief that personality development is hinged greatly on the first relationship that we develop with our caregiver.
What is object relations theory?
It is how the infant develops relationships with others (objects can be virtually anything, Melanie Klein says objects can be people)
What was the effect of Dorothea Dix’s work?
She pioneered form of the prisons and psychiatric care throughout the Eastern United States
What is Melanie Klein best known for?
Objects relations theory
What does the word Gestalt mean?
German for “shape” or “form”, however, there is no exact translation for this word to English.
Define artificial intelligence.
The study and design of intelligent machines and the study and creation of systems that perceive their environment and make decisions to maximize success
Why did the Gestaltists oppose Wundt?
The Gestaltists wanted to be the only school in psychology so they attacked everyone. First Wundt and his introspection which broke down consciousness into its elements.
What is the Turing test?
The ability to be able to determine if one is in fact talking to a human or a machine. Can the computer think?
Roger’s clinical experience during the time he was developing his theory was with whom?
College students
What was the real story about Anna O?
Her success had nothing to do with her time with Breuer.
According to Köhler, what is insight learning?
A way of learning that involves looking at the big picture. At first one is confused, after walking away and looking at the problem as a whole the answer is revealed.
For what key term is Adler known?
Inferiority complex (individual psych)