History and Systems Exam 4 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in History and Systems Exam 4 Deck (48)
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1
Q

Who is usually credited as being the first to release asylum inmates from their bonds?

A

Philippe Pinel

2
Q

The consequence of conditional positive regard is what?

A

Child develops conditions of worth (love and praise that is withheld unless an individual conforms to parental or social standards) or child’s self is not allowed to develop fully

3
Q

What is isomorphism?

A

The doctrine that there is a correspondence between psychological or conscious experience and the underlying brain

4
Q

Who is considered the spiritual father of humanistic psychology?

A

Abraham Maslow

5
Q

Define catharsis.

A

A concept developed by Aristotle to treat emotional difficulties

6
Q

Neisser’s definition of cognitive uses what metaphor?

A

Everything a person might do

7
Q

How did Freud react to challenges to his theory?

A

He created a secret committee

8
Q

In Murray’s system, stories or interpretations projecting fantasy imagery onto an objective stimuli are called what?

A

TAT

9
Q

What is the collective unconscious?

A

Deepest level of the psyche containing inherited experiences of human and prehuman species

10
Q

What did Anna Freud do her pioneering work on?

A

Child psychoanalysis

11
Q

The majority of Maslow’s research would be characterized as what?

A

Self – actualization (characteristics shared by self-actualized persons)

12
Q

What old school of psychology infuses modern psychology?

A

Behaviorism

13
Q

The primary goal of psychoanalysis (as therapy) is?

A

Free association (Freudian slip), resistance, repression and dream analysis

14
Q

What did Köhler discover in his work with apes?

A

Their ability to devise and use simple tools and build simple structures (insight learning)

15
Q

What got Wertheimer interested in perception?

A

Phi phenomenon (At longer intervals, the lights appeared successively, and at shorter intervals they appeared to be on all the time); a psychological experience that is not reducible to its elements (must study holistically)

16
Q

The difference between psychic and somatic is? Which was dominant at the time of Freud?

A

Psychic – used emotional or psychological explanation for mental illness; Somatic – believed mental ileness was caused by some physical condition (lesions of the brain). Psychic

17
Q

T.O.T.E. stands for what?

A

Test – check plan Operate – make corrections Test – checking again Exit – completing the plan

18
Q

One thing that psychoanalysis and behaviorism share is what?

A

Both firmly opposed in definitions of problems and approaches to problems

19
Q

Who initiated the positive psychology movement?

A

Martin Seligman

20
Q

Why isn’t humanism more mainstream in psychology?

A

practitioners in private practice rather than academia, comparatively little research and few publications, no graduate training programs and ill-timed attacks on the psychoanalytic and behavioristic schools.

21
Q

Who was the Father of American Psychiatry?

A

Benjamin Rush

22
Q

According to Erich Fromm, many people cannot embrace their freedom because?

A

They cannot cope with many uncertain elements of freedom and choice

23
Q

Who suggested the concept of monads?

A

Gottfried Leibniz

24
Q

From where do Jungian archetypes derive?

A

Inherited tendencies within the collective unconscious; predispose people to behave similarly to ancestors confronted with similar situations

25
Q

Who was responsible for the iceberg analogy of the consciousness and unconsciousness often used to describe Freudian psychology?

A

Carl Jung

26
Q

What did the ego psychologists differ with Freud on?

A

They disagree with his emphasis on sex

27
Q

Why did Gestalt psychology fail to “take” in the US?

A

Because they did not have any graduate programs. Also they all end up at small schools = no graduate students to carry on the movement.

28
Q

Which original schools of thought have retained their identies within modern psychology?

A

Behavioral & psychoanalysis

29
Q

Which Gestaltist, who wasn’t Jewish, demanded reinstatement of his Jewish colleagues?

A

Wolfgang Kohler

30
Q

How did Anna Freud’s system of psychoanalysis differ from her fathers?

A

She moved away from instinctual drives toward a psychology of the ego

31
Q

Describe Erikson’s process of development.

A

More psychosocial, it is the social circumstances that are likely to have a large impact on “Trust Vs Mistrust” (is my caregiver giving me adequate care and love)

32
Q

Why is humanism sometimes referred to as the third force?

A

They wanted to take over psychology and discredit every other school

33
Q

Compare and contrast humanistic psychology with psychoanalytic psychology.

A

Psychoanalysis deals with the unconscious whereas humanistic psychology deals with persons of normal mental health that want to

34
Q

The basic human motivation in Roger’s system is ?

A

the development of an unconditional regard. (coming to a positive self-esteem)

35
Q

How do Erik Erikson’s views differ from Sigmund Freud’s views of personality?

A

Freud focuses on sex whereas Erikson focuses on crisis that the ego has.

36
Q

In Anna Freud’s system, what are defense mechanisms?

A

Specific unconscious structures that enable an individual to avoid awareness of anxiety arousing issues. (Behaving immaturely to avoid responsibility)

37
Q

What is the central idea of Karen Horney’s theory of personality development?

A

Basic anxiety, the belief that personality development is hinged greatly on the first relationship that we develop with our caregiver.

38
Q

What is object relations theory?

A

It is how the infant develops relationships with others (objects can be virtually anything, Melanie Klein says objects can be people)

39
Q

What was the effect of Dorothea Dix’s work?

A

She pioneered form of the prisons and psychiatric care throughout the Eastern United States

40
Q

What is Melanie Klein best known for?

A

Objects relations theory

41
Q

What does the word Gestalt mean?

A

German for “shape” or “form”, however, there is no exact translation for this word to English.

42
Q

Define artificial intelligence.

A

The study and design of intelligent machines and the study and creation of systems that perceive their environment and make decisions to maximize success

43
Q

Why did the Gestaltists oppose Wundt?

A

The Gestaltists wanted to be the only school in psychology so they attacked everyone. First Wundt and his introspection which broke down consciousness into its elements.

44
Q

What is the Turing test?

A

The ability to be able to determine if one is in fact talking to a human or a machine. Can the computer think?

45
Q

Roger’s clinical experience during the time he was developing his theory was with whom?

A

College students

46
Q

What was the real story about Anna O?

A

Her success had nothing to do with her time with Breuer.

47
Q

According to Köhler, what is insight learning?

A

A way of learning that involves looking at the big picture. At first one is confused, after walking away and looking at the problem as a whole the answer is revealed.

48
Q

For what key term is Adler known?

A

Inferiority complex (individual psych)