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CLEP Psych > History, Approaches, and Research Methods > Flashcards

History, Approaches, and Research Methods Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Define Psychology

A

the science of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Basic Research

A

gathering data

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3
Q

Applied Research

A

using data to create a solution

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4
Q

Wilhelm Wundt is the father of —– ?

A

-psychology

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5
Q

William James is the father of —- ?

A

-American psychology

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6
Q

Whilhem Wundt created the first —– ?

A

-psychology laboratory

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7
Q

William James wrote the first —- ?

A
  • Psychology Textbook
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8
Q

Is Wilhelm Wundt is a Structuralist or Functionalist?

A

-Structuralist

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9
Q

Is William James is a Structuralist or a Functionalist?

A

-functionalist

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10
Q

Qualities of Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • Father of Psychology
  • Created the first Laboratory
  • Structuralist
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11
Q

Qualities of William James

A
  • Father of American Psychology
  • Created the first Textbook
  • Functionalist
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12
Q

Is Edward Titchener a Structuralist or Functionalist

A

-Structuralist

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13
Q

Sigmund Freud look at psychology through the lenses of —– and —–?

A
  • Unconcious forces

- Childhood experiences

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14
Q

What approach best aligns with Sigmund Freud?

A

-Psychoanalytic (psychodynamic)

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15
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

-Dogs salivating research (classical conditioning- association)

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16
Q

John B. Watson

A
  • Little Albert experiments (classical conditioning- association)
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17
Q

B.F. Skinner

A
  • Skinner box for pigeons (Operant conditioning- reward and punishment)
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18
Q

3 main people associated with Behavioralism

A
  • B.F. Skinner
  • John B. Watson
  • Ivan Pavlov
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19
Q

3 main people associated with Psychodynamic perspective

A
  • Sigmund Frued
  • Carl Jung
  • Erik Erikson
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20
Q

Erik Erikson

A

-psychodynamic perspective (psychosocial development)

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21
Q

Carl Jung

A
  • Swiss psychiatrist (analytical psychology)
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22
Q

Humanistic Psychology definition

A

Man is good and knows what he needs for growth (rising up to the fullest potential)

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23
Q

2 main Humanistic Researchers

A
  • Abraham Maslow

- Carl Rogers

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24
Q

Abraham Maslow

A
  • Hierarchy of needs (basic needs must be met first)
  • Self-actualization (fulfilling highest potential in life)
  • Humanistic
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25
Carl Rogers
- Humanistic | - Viewpoint: You can take control of mental illness
26
Mary Whiton Calkins
1st Female President of APA
27
Margaret Floy Washburn
1st Female PHD
28
Manmie Phipps Clark & Kenneth B. Clark
- Colored Doll Test | - Brown vs Board of Education
29
Lawrence Kohlberg
-moral development
30
Charles Darwin
- Natural selection | - Evolutionary Psychology
31
Jean Paiget
- Cognitive | - past experiences shape problem solving
32
Goals of Psychology
- describe behavior - explain behavior - predict behavior - modify behavior
33
Greek Roots
- Socrates - Plato - Aristotle
34
Introspection
- what is going on in peoples minds as they complete a task - can be inaccurate and hard to measure - Wilhelm Wundt used this
35
Gestalt
- form | - how we perceive whole objects
36
Emergence
- Perceiving a whole without noticing its parts | - dog picture example
37
Reification
-minds ability to fill in an implied shape
38
Law of Proximity
-How close elements are to one another
39
What are the 6 perspectives?
- Biological - Humanistic - Behavioral - Cognative - Psychoanalytical - Socio Cultural
40
Humanistic
-needs, support, unconditional positive regard
41
Biological
-Gentics, hormones, brain
42
Behavioralism
-observation, reward, punishment
43
Cognitive
-thinking and processing
44
Psychoanalytic
-unconcious and childhood
45
Socio-cultural
-culture, family, peers, media
46
Case Study
-In depth investigation of one person or situation
47
Naturalistic observation
-view a person in thier natural enviorment
48
Correlational Study
- viewing the relationship between two variables | - correlation does NOT equal causation
49
Experiment
- independent and dependent variables | - DOES show causation
50
Longitudinal Study
-one group over a long period of time
51
Cross sectional Study
-Multiple groups at one point in time
52
Correlation
-relationship between two variables
53
Positive correlation
-when one increases the other increases
54
Negative correlation
-when one variable increases the other decreases
55
No correlation
-no relationship between variables
56
Correlation Coefficient
- strength of relationship - range from -1 to 1 - closer to zero is weak and closer to -1 or 1 is strong - both -0.95 and 0.95 are strong
57
Operational definition
-precise perameters or qualifications
58
P-Value
- likelihood a result is caused by chance | 0. 05 is statistically significant
59
Reliability
-consistant
60
Validity
-accuracy
61
List the 4 ethics in research
- informed consent - safety from harm and discomfort - confidentiality - debriefing
62
Informed consent
-right to withdral
63
Safety from harm and discomfort
-minimize risk and justification
64
Confidentiality
-protect anominity
65
Debriefing
- allows for deception as long as you tell them at the end | - prevents participant bias

CLEP Psych (1 decks)

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