History, Approaches, and Research Methods

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Behavior

Answer 2

Anything an organism does, any action we can observe and record

Question 3

Mental processes

Answer 3

Internal subjective experiences we infer from behavior

Question 4

William Wundt

Answer 4

Founder of the science of Psychology lab in Germany, structuralism (Titchener)

Question 5

Tabula rasa

Answer 5

The idea that everyone is born with a blank slate

Question 6

William James

Answer 6

Wroth the first Psychology textbook and functionalism

Question 7

Behavioral approach

Answer 7

Observable behavior, rewards, punishments, conditioning, learning (John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Pavlov)

Question 8

Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic approach

Answer 8

Unconscious, internal conflicts, repression, childhood, fears

Question 9

Biological approach

Answer 9

Medicine, scans, genes, Phineas Gage

Question 10

Humanistic approach

Answer 10

Hippie approach, self-actualization, unique potential, hierarchy of needs (Marslow/Rogers)

Question 11

Cognitive approach

Answer 11

Thoughts, perceptions, memory, change the way someone thinks (Piaget)

Question 12

Socio-cultural approach

Answer 12

Environment, groups, community, social media

Question 13

Evolutionary

Answer 13

Survival of the fittest

Question 14

Eclectic

Answer 14

Use as many different approaches as possible

Question 15

Basic research

Answer 15

Looks to define and explain theories, not necessarily looking to solve them

Question 16

Applied research

Answer 16

Looks to solve problems and apply knowledge in real life. Actually provides solutions and addresses the issue, using prior knowledge

Question 17

Empirical

Answer 17

Learn from experience

Question 18

Empiricism

Answer 18

The belief that humans are born with a blank slate and learn only through experience (nature over nurture) Lock

Question 19

Clinical psychologists

Answer 19

Involved in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders (interviewing, psychological testing, and therapy)

Question 20

Counseling Psychologists

Answer 20

Work with clients (marriage, addiction)

Question 21

Industrial/Organizational Psychologists

Answer 21

Work in business and industry, attempt to improve productivity, may develop employee selection programs, work with advertisers, study consumer behavior, or design equipment

Question 22

Psychometric Psychologists

Answer 22

Specialize in the measurement of behavior, particularly skilled at using statistical procedures to develop reliable and valid tests

Question 23

Gestalt psychology

Answer 23

The whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. Attempts to explain how we perceive and process information

Question 24

Descriptive research methods

Answer 24

Research methods that yield descriptions rather than explanations… they do NOT explain WHY

Question 25

Population

Answer 25

The larger group of people from which your samples are drawn

Question 26

Confounding variables

Answer 26

Any variables besides the independent variable that could influence the results of your study

Question 27

What must all subjects have?

Answer 27

All subjects must have an equal chance of being in the control or experimental group

Question 28

Human Research Guidelines

Answer 28

1. Coercion - participation must be voluntary 2. Participants must know they are involved and give their consent 3. Confidentiality and anonymity 4. No mental or physical risk 5. People must be told the purpose of the study

Question 29

IV

Answer 29

The variable being controlled in the problem

Question 30

DV

Answer 30

The variable that changes because of the control of the IV