History Britain Trade and economy Flashcards
(33 cards)
What were market gardens
market gardens developed in early 17th century in areas like fulham and white chapel
inspired from the Netherlands
after improved roads
gardens for growing food in the cities
served london and encouraged population growth
new tech- manure
long lasting and innovative
What were enclosures
reasons for growth of diggers and levellers
incorporating smaller fields into larger fields
increased efficency
reduced competition
unemployment
continuation widespread
What were crop rotations
New way of farming inspired from the dutch
ensured soil nutrients dont become diminished
increase in variation of crops e.g frost resistant turnip
widespread
What were water medows
while fields were flooded by diverting water
helped with animals and stopped crops freezing
enabled farmers to keep more animals
short term
What was specialised farming
different regions focused on different crop productions
sheep inh the north
arable in the south
helped develop national markets
widespread and unprecidented
why was development in transport significant
allowed food demand to be reached
john ogilby- first road atlas 1675
increased trade
but national markets didnt develop in Scotland and Ireland
working class suffered
poor benefitted from market gardens
How did cloth trade improve
the new putting out system
contracted people to work ]
material from merchants
different types in different areas
it expanded in fashion
high demand
dutch influence
made good profit
What were the new draperies
linen
wool
cotton
silk
What were the worsted draperies
new ways of cloth craeted through weaving and combining cloth
the advantages were it was cheap and versitile appealed to the wider market
more quality
why was frame knitting significant
made by dutch immigrants
easier and quicker
How did huguenots help the econmy
brought skilled craftsmen, silversmiths, watchmakers
settled ibn the south of england
increased econmy due to skill
Why was the reduction in interest rates good for lending
made credit more attractive
what was a money-scrievers
lenders
gave people loans of money
How did Robert Abbott profit from the civil wars
£1 million stability during instability
Why did goldsmiths come to play a role in money lenders from 1640 onwards
Charles siezes royal mint in 1640
How did charles create stability in banking in 1672
restored banking
loans to the crown levied by the general public
why did companies chose to not take out marine insurance
because it was very expensive
but became more popular in 17th century because of the increased trade
why was lloyds of london significant
allowed greater knowledge to share among the gentry
biggest market in the world
How did fire insurance develop
fire office 1681
friendly society 1683
only offered to gentry houses in 1920
What was the population by 1700
575,000
what did london improve
banking and insurance
legal system
transport
demographic growth
skilled/eductaed workers
increase in markets
what services grew in london at this time
tailoring
brewers
cloth dryers
catalyst for the econmy
What was the main product imported from the new world (america)
tobacco
why did the english people have the oppourtunity to expand into the carabean
english privateers established a base in the carabean to attack spanish shipping
treaty of madrid meant they were able to sail freely
