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Matthew 2014-15 > History (Ch 1) 1-4 > Flashcards

History (Ch 1) 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Archaeology

A

The study of unwritten past.

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2
Q

Artifacts

A

remains of objects made by humans

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3
Q

Migration

A

a movement of people from one region to another

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4
Q

Hunter-gatherers

A

They lived by hunting animals and gathering wild plants.

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5
Q

Environments

A

Climates and landscapes that surround living things

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6
Q

Societies

A

A group that share a common culture

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7
Q

Culture

A

a set a common values and traditions

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8
Q

Domestication

A

breeding plants or animals to meet human needs.

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9
Q

Maize

A

corn grown by people in Mesoamerica

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10
Q

Glyphs

A

Symbols that represent ideas.

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11
Q

Kayaks

A

One person canoes covered with skins

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12
Q

Igloos

A

Homes made of block of ice

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13
Q

Totems

A

ancestor or animal spirits. Carved on tall wooden poles

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14
Q

Potlatches

A

Gatherings where host gave away belongings in order to gain respect

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15
Q

Kivas

A

Round ceremonial rooms

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16
Q

Wigwams

A

Small Round huts.

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17
Q

Longhouses

A

Rectangular homes made from logs and bark. Size ranged from 50 to 100 feet long and housed 8 to 10 families.

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18
Q

Feudalism

A

System where people known as vassals pledged their loyalty to a lord in exchange for land.

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19
Q

Manors

A

Large estates of the feudal system

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20
Q

Muhammad

A

Devoted his life to preaching the messages of Allah

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21
Q

Islam

A

the religion of the Muslims whom are followers of Muhammad

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22
Q

Crusades

A

Military expeditions to take back the Holy Land, which continued off and on for more than 150 years.

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23
Q

Kublia Khan

A

Ruler of an Asia empire that stretched to the Black Sea from China’s southern coast.
He used his large navy to expand trade

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24
Q

Silk Road

A

An overland trade route running from China to the Black Sea.

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25
Q

Zheng He

A

An admiral that commanded the fleet’s 317 brightly painted ships and more than 27,000 men.

His expedition brought wealth and knowledge of other culture to china.

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26
Q

Mansa Musa

A

One of the greatest Malian leaders.
He made the pilgrimage to the Islamic holy city of Mecca in 132.

This emperor had great wealth and power.

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27
Q

Paleo-Indians

A

First Americans that crossed Alaska between 38,000 and 10,000 B.C.

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28
Q

Iroquois League

A

Political confederation made up of the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca.

The League was responsible for waging war and making peace with non-Iroquois peoples.

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29
Q

Leif Eriksson

A

Son of Erik the Red. –> His expedition represents the first time Europeans made contact with the North America continent.

In 1,000 A.D. he gathered a crew and launched his own expedition, Sailing west from Greenland. They landed on Labrador Peninsula and the island of Newfoundland in present-day Canada.

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30
Q

Middle ages

A

This historical period lasted roughly from A.D. 500 to 1,500.
Middle Ages began with the Fall of Rome Empire and ended with the Renaissance.
During this period trade and communication were limited. Also City population dropped as people moved into the countryside.

31
Q

Eleanor of Aquitaine

A

was one of the most powerful and fascinating personalities of feudal Europe. At age 15 she married Louis VII, King of France,

32
Q

William of Normandy

A

Conquered England in 1066

33
Q

King John

A

Williams’s great-great-grandson.
The nobles rebelled against his misuse of royal power.
In 1215 the nobles forced King John to agree to Magna Carta.

34
Q

Magna Carta

A

The Great Charter or Magna Carta addressed the land rights of nobles, protected some of the rights of free people. It also required the king to gain the agreements of the nobility before raising new taxes.

35
Q

Date when the Maya civilization begins
developing into a more advanced
civilization

A

300

36
Q

Date when beginning of Islam

A

600

37
Q

Date when Vikings reach North

America

A

1000

38
Q

Date for the beginning of the Crusades

A

1095

39
Q

Date of Magna Carta

A

1215

40
Q

Date when Columbus discovers New

World

A

1492

41
Q

Date when John Cabot explores the coast of North America for England

A

1497

42
Q

Date when Vasco da Gama sails around Africa to the Indies

A

1498

43
Q

Date when Luther starts Protestant Reformation

A

1517

44
Q

Date when Cortes begins conquest of the Aztec

Empire; Magellan begins circumnavigation of the world

A

1519

45
Q

1497

A

Date when John Cabot explores the coast of North America for England

46
Q

1215

A

Date of Magna Carta

47
Q

Describe at least three reasons why the exploration of the New World occurred when it did.

A

1) they wanted to find a passage to Asia.
2) they wanted to expand Christianity.
3) They wanted to own more land.

48
Q

European nations that led the exploration of the New World?

A

1) Both Portugal and Spain led the charge in exploring the New World.
2) France also played a strong role in the New World, though its efforts were mainly confined to North America.
3) England got a relatively late start in the exploration and colonization of the New World.

49
Q

What were these nations looking for? Be as specific as time and space allow.

A

3G : Gold, God, Glory
While the Portuguese focused on navigation and geographical observation, the Spanish put their efforts into expedition and colonization.
1) In 1497, Vasco da Gama set sail with four ships to chart a sea route to India.
2) In 1492, three ships left Spain under Columbus’s command. They arrived on an island in the Caribbean Sea. Thinking he had reached the Indies, Columbus claimed the island for Spain.

50
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

In the 1520s, Francisco Pizarro received permission from Spain to conquer the Inca Empire in South America.

51
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

In 1519, Spanish explorer Hernan explored present-day Mexico.
Cortes learned about the Aztecs. The Aztecs had built a large and wealthy empire in Mexico.

52
Q

Olmec

A

The Olmec were the first ‘major’ civilization in Mexico

53
Q

Maya

A

The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems.

Maya influence: in Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador and central Mexico,

54
Q

Aztecs

A

The Aztecs are a tribe from the north of Mexico.

55
Q

Inca

A

The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.
It controlled an empire stretching from Ecuador to Chile

56
Q

Anasazi

A

The Ancient Puebloans (Anasazi) were a prehistoric Native American civilization centered around the present day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States.

57
Q

Mississippian

A

The Mississippian culture is the precolumbian horticulturalists who lived in the American midwest and southeast between about AD 1000-1550

58
Q

Aleut/Inuit

A
  • ) Once known as Eskimos, the Inuit inhabit the Arctic region,
  • ) The Inuit, Aleut were the most heavily affected by Russian explorers, by Russian fur traders.
  • ) The Inuit are closely related to the Mongoloid peoples of eastern Asia. It is estimated that the Inuit arrived some 4,000 years ago on the North American continent
59
Q

Algonquian.

A

The Algonquins are Native Canadian inhabitants of North America.
The Iroquois and the Algonquian. These tribes relied on each other for a very long time for trade but also spent a great deal of time as warring enemies.

60
Q

Iroquois

A

The Iroquious are one of the most well-known and historically powerful Native American “Tribes” in the world

61
Q

Kublai Khan

A

He conquered China, founding and becoming the first emperor of the country.

62
Q

Montezuma II

A

Aztec emperor of Mexico, famous for his dramatic confrontation with the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés.

63
Q

Coronado (Francisco Vázquez de Coronado )

A

was a Spanish conquistador and explorer, who led a great expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542.

64
Q

Cortes (Hernán Cortés)

A

Cortes led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico

65
Q

Vespucci (Amerigo Vespucci)

A

Vespucci was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer who first demonstrated that Brazil and the West Indies did not represent Asia, but instead constituted an entirely separate land.

66
Q

Pizarro (Francisco Pizarro)

A

Pizarro conquered the Incan Empire.
Pizarro helped Vasco Núñez de Balboa discover the Pacific Ocean, and after conquering Peru (Inca Empire), founded its capital city, Lima.

67
Q

Elizabeth I

A

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 until her death.

1) She succeeded in uniting her people in a world that was divided by religious conflict
2) Elizabeth encouraged overseas exploration.
3) She encouraged trade in London, the Foreign Exchange, and the learning of skills from foreign refugees.
4) Elizabeth managed to successfully lead her people in war. She defeated the most powerful man in the world, King Philip II of Spain, when he sent his Armada against the country in the summer of 1588.

68
Q

Philip II

A

His reign as Spain’s king began the Golden Age, However, his reign saw the economic decline of Spain and its bankruptcy.

69
Q

Dias (Bartolomeu Dias,)

A

Bartolomeu Dias, Portuguese navigator and explorer who led the first European expedition to round the Cape of Good Hope (1488), opening the sea route to Asia via the Atlantic and Indian oceans.

70
Q

Prince Henry

A

Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese royal prince, soldier, and patron of explorers.

Henry sent many sailing expeditions down Africa’s west coast, but did not go on them himself.

71
Q

Raleigh

A

In 1595 Raleigh headed an exploring expedition to the Guiana (now Venezuela) in search of the fabled El Dorado, the legendary ruler of a region abounding in gold and jewels. His trip was unsuccessful, and after much hardship he returned home empty-handed .

72
Q

John Cabot

A

Explorer John Cabot made a British claim to land in Canada, mistaking it for Asia, during his 1497 voyage on the ship Matthew. —for King Henry VII of England.

73
Q

Magellan

A

In search of fame and fortune, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan set out from Spain in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the Spice Islands. En route he discovered what is now known as the Strait of Magellan and became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean.

74
Q

Henry Hudson

A

Henry Hudson was an English explorer and navigator who explored parts of the Arctic Ocean and northeastern North America.

Matthew 2014-15 (8 decks)

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