History End Of Year Revision Flashcards
(11 cards)
Why didn’t the USA join the League of Nations?
- Wilson, the creator, lost the election
- Republicans favored isolationism (self-sufficiency)
- Hostility to Britain and France
Why did Germany remilitarise the Rhineland in 1936?
- Attack on the ToV, popular with Germans
- Believed actions would not be challenged as Britain and France were preoccupied with general election/Abyssinian crisis
-Fear of encirclement by France and USSR
-Felt it was reasonable to remilitarise and place troops on own frontier
What was the Lytton Commission?
- Commission of enquiry into Japan’s invasion of Manchuria
- Aimed to clearly condemn Japan’s actions, force to return 2/3 of land to China
- Ineffective, took 7 months to be published
-Japan had already claimed all area
What were some weaknesses in the structure of the League of Nations?
- Assembly only met once a year, decisions had to be unanimous, did not have the power to make decisions themselves
- Council did not represent whole of the league, all imperial nations, small nations were undermined
- Court of International Justice could not ensure countries followed rulings
What were some strengths in the structure of the League of Nations?
- Representatives from many countries united to address global issues- like a ‘global parliament’
- Aimed to resolve conflicts peacefully
- Tackled other major problems on top of disputes through agencies, commissions or committees
What was the Aaland Islands dispute of 1921?
- Islands located between Finland and Sweden, Finnish territory but population Swedish
- Islanders wanted independence from Finland, almost led to conflict
-League gave islands to Finland but ordered removal of Finnish troops and protections for Swedish Islanders - Both countries accepted
What was the Corfu crisis of 1923?
-Mussolini retaliated to an Italian general and his team being killed by killing 15 people in Corfu
-Britain and France could not agree on action as they supported opposite sides
- Mussolini got his way and Greece apologised and paid compensation to Italy
Why did Italy invade Abyssinia in 1935?
- Mussolini wanted revenge for Italy’s defeat in 1896: poorly equipped tribesmen had defeated troops in the Battle of Adowa
- Mussolini wanted to emulate Roman empire, style of leadership required military victories
Why did Japan invade Manchuria in 1931?
- Close proximity to other parts of empire: it already had troops in Korea and invading area nearby was convenient
- Abundance of natural resources, wanted to claim a decaying part of the Chinese empire
What was the Hoare- Laval Pact?
- Secret agreement by French and British Foreign ministers
- Aimed to give Italy 2/3 of Abyssinia to stop its invasion
- Pact leaked to the public, causing widespread outrage
- Ultimately failed and both resigned
What were the positive impacts of the Locarno Pact of 1926?
- Led to advances on the evacuation of the Rhineland
- Germany voluntarily accepted Western borders to gain liberty to secure its borders in the East
- Eased tension between Germany and France
- Allowed for acceptance into the international community (joined the LoN)
