History Exam #1

Question 1

Where did the first settlers in North America come from?

Answer 1

From Across the Bering Land bridge between Asia and North America

Question 2

What conditions allowed people to migrate from Asia to North America?

Answer 2

The last ice age lowered sea levels and exposed parts of the sea floor to the surface

Question 3

What was the Bering Land Bridge?

Answer 3

A strip of land that connected Asia and North America

Question 4

What most likely motivated people to cross the Bering Land Bridge?

Answer 4

The search for resources and animals to hunt.

Question 5

Which American Empire was located on the Pacific Coast of South America?

Answer 5

The Incas

Question 6

What was the basis of the Incan Empire? Did they improve their Environment or make it easier to move trade across their territory?

Answer 6

The Empire was based on Trade and they created roads to make that trade easier

Question 7

When was the Mayan Empire founded and where?

Answer 7

The Mayans were located in the Yucatan Peninsula and were founded around 2000 B.C.

Question 8

What happened to the Mayan Empire?

Answer 8

The empire collapsed under mysterious circumstances, probably due to civil war or disease

Question 9

Where was the Aztec Empire located?

Answer 9

Central Mexico

Question 10

Were all of the people living in the Aztec empire Aztecs?

Answer 10

No. the Aztecs conquered tribes around their empire and forced them into the empire

Question 11

Were there any Empires in North America before the arrival of Europeans?

Answer 11

No

Question 12

To which Empire did Spain previously belong?

Answer 12

The Roman Empire

Question 13

Which Group moved into rule the Spanish area of what had been the Roman Empire?

Answer 13

The Visigoths

Question 14

What was the goal of the Christian Kingdoms that came to rule Spain?

Answer 14

To become the new Roman empire

Question 15

Why would European kingdoms no longer lend the Spanish kingdoms money?

Answer 15

The wars being fought between rival Spanish kingdoms never seemed to end

Question 16

What Religion became dominant in North Africa during the 7th Century?

Answer 16

Islam

Question 17

What institution was the unifying factor in Europe following the end of the Roman Empire?

Answer 17

The Catholic Church

Question 18

Who invaded Spain in the 8th Century A.D.?

Answer 18

North African Kingdoms

Question 19

What is the Reconquista and approximately how long did it last?

Answer 19

8 centuries

Question 20

Who was Spain’s main ally in the Reconquista?

Answer 20

The Catholic Church

Question 21

Which two royal houses united the Spanish Crown?

Answer 21

Aragon and Castille

Question 22

Which nation emerged as a rival to Spain, mainly based on its exclusive trade routes?

Answer 22

Portugal

Question 23

What trade goods were being sought from Asia?

Answer 23

Silks, Spices and Jewels

Question 24

How did the African Slave trade begin?

Answer 24

The Portuguese began to trade their African partners for prisoners of war

Question 25

What was Spain's solution to the monopoly given to Portugal?

Answer 25

To sail west across the Atlantic ocean

Question 26

Where did Columbus think that he'd landed when he arrived in the Western Hemisphere?

Answer 26

Somewhere near India

Question 27

Did Columbus find the trade goods he was looking for when he came to North America?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What did Columbus try to market as a good when he returned to Europe?

Answer 28

Native American Slaves

Question 29

What was the major target for Spain in the early years of the American Conquest?

Answer 29

Cuba

Question 30

Who was Hernan Cortes and why did he come to the West?

Answer 30

A conquistador who hoped to secure land and titles for himself in Cuba

Question 31

Who ordered Cortes to invade the Aztec Empire?

Answer 31

No one. He defied orders to do so.

Question 32

Who was Emperor of the Aztecs when Cortes arrived?

Answer 32

Montezuma

Question 33

How did Cortes defeat the Aztecs?

Answer 33

With Native American allies and diseases

Question 34

What is the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 34

The exchange of diseases, plants and animals between the old and new worlds

Question 35

Are Horses Native to the New World?

Answer 35

No

Question 36

Where did the French establish their settlements in North America?

Answer 36

Modern day Canada, far to the north of the Spanish holdings in North America

Question 37

Why were the English considered enemies of the French and Spanish?

Answer 37

The English were protestant and had fought wars against Catholic France and Spain

Question 38

What is the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 38

A period in which the supremacy of the catholic church was challenged and reforms were pushed on the way Christianity functioned

Question 39

Who established the Church of England?

Answer 39

Henry VIII

Question 40

Which English monarch is Virginia named after?

Answer 40

Elizabeth I

Question 41

Why was Roanoke established?

Answer 41

As a military base to raid French and Spanish shipping in the Atlantic

Question 42

What happened to Roanoke?

Answer 42

The settlers disappeared after a lengthy absence of resupply ships

Question 43

How was Jamestown financed?

Answer 43

By investors, including James I, in a joint stock company

Question 44

What were some of the problems faced by the colony of Jamestown?

Answer 44

The ground was unsuitable for agriculture, disease was rampant and the settlers didn’t know how to survive in the wilderness

Question 45

Who is credited with "saving" Jamestown?

Answer 45

John Smith, a mercenary

Question 46

What was the nature of the relationship between Pocahontas and John Smith?

Answer 46

There was no real relationship, other than possible contact during native American rituals

Question 47

Who introduced the idea of cash crops to the Jamestown settlement?

Answer 47

John Rolfe

Question 48

What was the first profitable cash crop for the English?

Answer 48

Tobacco

Question 49

What did the English Separatists want?

Answer 49

To have the Church and State be separated from one another In the church of England

Question 50

Where did the Separatists initially try to move?

Answer 50

Holland

Question 51

Why did the English king want the Separatists to settle in what is today Massachusetts?

Answer 51

It was far from Jamestown and England, and the Separatists could keep and eye on the French in Canada

Question 52

Who settled in Massachusetts bay?

Answer 52

Puritans

Question 53

What did the Puritans believe?

Answer 53

They wanted to “purify” the church of England of Catholic influence

Question 54

Maryland was founded as a colony for whom?

Answer 54

English Catholics

Question 55

Who was the founder of the Colony of Maryland?

Answer 55

Baron of Baltimore

Question 56

What started the English Civil War?

Answer 56

King Charles I wanted more power and wanted to dissolve Parliament

Question 57

Which English King was executed following a loss in the English Civil War?

Answer 57

Charles I

Question 58

Who ruled over the English Protectorate following the death of Charles I?

Answer 58

Oliver Cromwell

Question 59

What is the English Restoration?

Answer 59

After Cromwell’s death, the English people decided to restore the house of Stuart to the Throne of England

Question 60

Which Monarch took the throne after the Restoration?

Answer 60

Charles II

Question 61

What did William Penn ask for as a favor from the Crown following the restoration?

Answer 61

He wanted his own colony

Question 62

What was the main idea behind the founding of Pennsylvania?

Answer 62

Religious tolerance for all faiths