History Exam 1 Flashcards

Question

Mayflower Compact

Answer 1

- rules - named after one of the ships - agreement of the people - it is a way society organizes - this was put into place at the Plymouth colony

Answer 2

• 11 ships • 700 people come over in 1630 (that’s how many survived the voyage) • Following year 17 ships and 2000 people came over • Largest colony in the size of geography • Surpasses Jamestown over time -They are Puritans

Answer 3

○ Gives the structure of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in his sermon that he gives on the ship - He says that the best thing for a colony is stability and order - To be in the colony you have to be a Puritan and you have to be a part of the church - He says that this colony is going to be a "shining city on the hill" - Meaning- the example for other colonies to follow - U.S. politicians to this day use this quote that Johnny Winthrop said - He wants the colony to be a Holy Common Wealth - Common Wealth- Political entity, a group of people that govern themselves - A Holy Common Wealth- political entity but also with religion tied into it - No social unrest, everyone must follow the rules/laws - Everyone MUST be apart of the church, there is no religious freedom -One of the most famous and influential people in U.S. history -He says that democracy is one of the worst forms of government ○ He sets up a different type of government -He is the minister and he is also the head politician -There is no separation between church and state -His advisors are called Select Men -He picked the men that he knew would agree with him -All had to be men and all had to be members of the Puritan church -This type of government is called an Oligarchy -He can choose to dismiss what his Select Men advise him if he doesn’t like their opinion/what they are saying -He believes that he knows what God is saying -He is the religious authority for the colony, and how the church will be run

Answer 4

□ A Holy Common Wealth- political entity but also with religion tied into it - No social unrest, everyone must follow the rules/laws - Everyone MUST be apart of the church, there is no religious freedom

Answer 5

Political entity, a group of people that govern themselves

Answer 6

- Based on Tommy Hooker's set up - Still had to be apart of the Puritan church - Connecticut Colony

Answer 7

- Has 13 kids and a husband - She is an outspoken female and she told Johnny Winthrop that she and a group have been talking to God and it hasn’t been about Johnny - She also told him that his Select Men are not loyal to Johnny and everything he says - She was banished with her family - 47 or so people went with her - They went to the present day Rhode Island - How colonies really get started is that people get mad and they leave and set up another camp, and eventually call it a colony over time - 5 years later, 6 of her kids and herself, and a few of her friends were ambushed by Indians and were killed (this happened in present day New York) - Got kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 8

• Tommy Hooker already had planned out his ideas for the colony - Fundamental orders of Connecticut - He calls himself the head governor and head minister - He said that people can form and run their own churches however they want to - Not religious freedom - Called Congregationalist church - Based on Tommy Hooker's set up - Still had to be apart of the Puritan church

Answer 9

- Sets another precedence for the colonies - Tommy Hooker starts this colony, he and some others walk out of the Puritan community and they set up their colony in Connecticut - Tommy Hooker already had planned out his ideas for the colony - Fundamental orders of Connecticut

Answer 10

- Roger Williams sets up this colony - It is called Providence - Rhode Island's official name that Roger Williams came up with is Providence Plantations and Rhode Island or the Colony of Rhode Island and Plantations - This colony was a religious freedom colony

Answer 11

-The Penn family is a very influential family and they wanted to bring the Quakers and the criminals over to the New World (The criminals are the ones who have done minor offenses) -The Penn family wanted to give the Quakers (one of the most persecuted groups) and the criminals a second chance in the New World -The colony is based on religious freedom and political freedom -Anybody is welcome, including the Indians -They name is community Philadelphia -Philadelphia means brotherly love -The Penn family wanted the land for the family -The Penn family named the state Pennsylvania, which means Penn's woods They call their charter the Charter of Liberty

Answer 12

- Present day North and South Carolina - The people that went over here were doing it for money - There are a few hundred people that come over and they wanted to stay in the King's good graces and they name where they land, Charlestown after him - Cash crop corn and sugar cane - The King wants the two groups to stop fighting, and so one group gets North Carolina and South Carolina (South Carolina was given to the people who first went over to the Carolina's and now have money) - North Carolina was actually more lucrative than South Carolina - South Carolina has the largest slave population out of the other colonies - There were more slaves than there were white people - So once the slaves could vote, the white people no longer had reign over South Carolina - South Carolina has a reputation of wanting to always do its own thing - South Carolina plays a pivotal role

Answer 13

• The "others" sent here and people who are freed from prison • General James Oglethorpe ran the Georgia colony, had very strict rules • Last colony to be founded, could not keep going south because Spain had Florida • Very restricted land management in Georgia, no one was allowed to go near the Appalachian Mountains • British military has a presence at the Georgia colony, they have some troops and some naval ships • Their charter was written in Parliament enforced by the military, this is different than like Pennsylvania. It is directed from Britain. It was actually a law from Parliament ○ No rum (it was a way to try and economically hurt the French and Spanish) ○ No black people ○ Do not approach the Appalachian Mountains (because the Indians and the French) ○ No Catholics ○ Do not trade with the Indians ○ The law is the British military - (eventually switches to a civilian government) • The strict law was actually one of the causes of the Revolutionary War

Answer 14

• Male dominated society ○ Some women did have a voice out in public and it would embarrass not just the husband but also the family and kids ○ Some women did have a voice inside the house ○ Depends on the person/family • Average of 1.3 kids died in every family in America Larger families were up North

Answer 15

• There are specific towns that are the political hub of each colony • Colonial Defense ○ Starts with the towns and cities are the colonial defense (first defense) ○ Military outposts will eventually be built • Philadelphia, then New York, then Boston, Charlestown, New Port Rhode Island are the largest cities, in this order ○ They are the most important cities in colonial America and when America starts to form ○ They are near the ocean • Most important states, and also the largest population wise ○ Virginia in 1770 had .5 million people, the largest state population wise ○ Pennsylvania in 1770 was the 2nd largest state population wise ○ Massachusetts in 1770 was the 3rd largest state population wise ○ This is also where the leaders of the revolution are living, which is one of the reasons why we won the American Revolution • New York doesn’t support the colony wide rebellion against the British at first

Answer 16

• The hub • trade hub • very active • Prosperous • higher employment • life is easier than the southern colonies • better access to health care • first hospitals in New England • some issues with sanitation as the cities grow • Climate is easier to live in than in the South, where it is very humid and hot • Physically harder to live in the South than in the North because of agriculture in the South • The average life span of someone living in New England is about 60 years old, of course the number goes up as time goes on because of better technology and medicine • Political engine • Economic engine • Helps define colonial America • Most structured education system • Has the highest literacy rate ○ Education is very important with democracy, so that people can make an educated decision about voting and making informed decisions

Answer 17

• Average life span of someone living here is 45 years old | -2nd most structured education system

Answer 18

• 3rd most structured education system ○ May just teach your own kids and teach them just a couple days out of the week -More informal education system

Answer 19

``` • Religious diversity ○ From the beginning there was diversity ○ More diverse in the North, but it starts to spread to the South eventually • Examples of diff. Religions ○ Puritans ○ Puritan Separatists ○ Baptists ○ Catholic ○ Jewish -Quakers ```

Answer 20

John Winthrop • His advisors are called Select Men -He picked the men that he knew would agree with him -All had to be men and all had to be members of the Puritan church -This type of government is called an Oligarchy -He can choose to dismiss what his Select Men advise him if he doesn’t like their opinion/what they are saying

Answer 21

· A lot of the people who were enlightenment thinkers, were diests ○ They are Christians ○ Benjamin Franklin said that God is a great clock maker, meaning that he makes the clock and then winds it up and steps back and allows people to live their life and just do what they do · He was one of the founding fathers -He was against slavery

Answer 22

○ Believe in the great potential in humans, they believe that humans have the ability to improve themselves and their society (it comes from within each person) ○ They also believed that humans had reason, and they had the ability to reason on their own without having to reason or believing in a higher authority ○ Also believed that there was a law like nature of the world, that the earth revolves around the sun because of scientific laws -So they don’t believe that the earth revolves around the sun because of God ○ Individuals have natural rights that we are born with -Natural right to Life, liberty, and property (now the pursuit of happiness instead of property) -These rights need to be honored and abided by • A lot of the people who were enlightenment thinkers, were diests ○ They are Christians ○ Benjamin Franklin said that God is a great clock maker, meaning that he makes the clock and then winds it up and steps back and allows people to live their life and just do what they do

Answer 23

• John Locke writes about the political part of enlightenment ○ Locke says that humans run the world, not God ○ He basically says how to run a country, by allowing the people to have control

Answer 24

• The founders read what Locke wrote, and it inspired them and influenced how America was to be run • Social compact ○ Agreement of the people ○ It is a way society organizes -Examples: -Declaration of the Independence -Mayflower compact • People were starting to get mad that the British would not let them go across the Appalachian Mountains and that they started taxing very heavily ○ Eventually The Founders start throwing the enlightenment at the people and people started believing in it, because they start believing that they should have a say in how to run the government

Answer 25

· A lot of the people who were enlightenment thinkers, were diests -They are Christians

Answer 26

• It is a colony revival movement of religion • Ministers from all over would go to the colonies to talk about how they are against the Enlightenment thinking • Huge religious movement, it is effective, but does not last • Individuals do have rights, but it is not deism • There was a second great awakening • Trying to get the country to go back to its original religious roots • Major Results of the Great Awakening ○ Split congregations and churches/ new denominations -Go out and form their own new churches like Methodism -Charles Wesley forms Methodism -"New Light"=Baptists -Some embrace enlightenment thinking, some don’t ○ Some institutions such as Yale, Princeton, and Harvard stop basing all their teaching from religion -Originally mainly there to train Ministers, especially Harvard ○ Questioning authority** -Questioning who governs us politically, economically, religiously

Answer 27

- Go out and form their own new churches like Methodism - Charles Wesley forms Methodism - "New Light"=Baptists - Some embrace enlightenment thinking, some don’t

Answer 28

1) Period from 1607 to 1660 2) Period from 1660 to 1689 3) Period from 1689 to 1763

Answer 29

1) Period from 1607 to 1660 | a. Everyone is getting over to America, so like setting up the colonies

Answer 30

2) Period from 1660 to 1689 a. Theme of second time period is "salutary neglect" b. Salutary neglect- so the British neglects to enforce the different acts they created, they were very hands off. So like they say this act is going to be put in place but they don’t make sure that people actually follow it. i. They made attempts to make these acts work, but they didn’t exactly pan out ii. For example: The Navigation Acts were not really enforced, how could the British really enforce the First Navigation Act where all goods leaving the colonies had to be put on British ships? They couldn't really enforce it all that well c. There are phases of the British being involved in the American colonies, the last phase triggers the American Revolution d. They only enforce the laws when it is convenient for them e. Large result from Salutary Neglect is that the colonists were like on their own and they were able to control and calling the shots locally i. The colonists that could actually write, were writing in papers and etc… saying that they liked being able to control and call the shots ii. The colonists were having political meetings 1) The British could have stopped these if they wanted to but they didn’t, they said they had to stop having political meetings but they never enforced it

Answer 31

3) Period from 1689 to 1763 | - 7 years war

Answer 32

1) First Navigation Act (1660) i. All goods coming from the colonies had to be carried in a British Ships, so if Spain or Portugal or any other country wants to buy goods from the colonies and bring it back to their country, they have to use a British ship to bring the goods back

Answer 33

2) Second Navigation Act (1663) i. If another country brings anything to the colonies to sell to the colonists, like tea had to go through a British port and then they could bring their goods to the colony ii. They tax them through the British port iii. The reason why they did this is because its about power, influence, to keep an eye on trade

Answer 34

3) Third Navigation Act (1673) i. New taxes on costal trade in the colonies ii. So for example, if you take timber from New York and put it on a ship to bring to Georgia, you have to then pay tax on the timber

Answer 35

* They help solidify mercantilism * Has to do with shipping and trade * Controlling the ports * Britain is becoming incredibly profitable because of these taxes, and when they see how much money they are making from these taxes they want to make more taxes * These taxes increase the prices of the goods, so that people can still make a profit

Answer 36

In 1675, corruption was happening, so people were paying off the customs workers and Britain is wanting to control this issue • Creates the Board of Trade (1675)

Answer 37

Britain decides that New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut no longer have a government because they went against the crown because they did not like the Navigation Acts • This area is now called the Dominion of New England (1685) • The king sends someone over to control the Dominion of New England • The king then later on decides to get rid of the Dominion of New England and says they can be colonies again, but there are some new rules

Answer 38

• Theme of second time period is "salutary neglect" -Salutary neglect- so the British neglects to enforce the different acts they created, they were very hands off. So like they say this act is going to be put in place but they don’t make sure that people actually follow it.

Answer 39

1754/56-63

Answer 40

* Actually lasted nine years * Big clash that happened on the North American Continent and thrusts the American Colonists into the war * War between Great Britain and France * It was considered a World War, a battle for empire * So whoever lost, they would loose their land * British had the largest Empire around the world * Great Britain wins the war * They go and meet in Paris to sign the Treaty of Paris (1763) to end the war * George Washington was a Colonel in the Seven Year's War or as America refers to it as the "French Indian War" * This war will end the period of Salutary Neglect in the colonies * Called French Indian War in America, but the French and the Indians were on the same side

Answer 41

○ France is doing fur trade in their land -A lot of the colonists are going over there for the fur trade because it is lucrative even though they aren't supposed to be doing fur trade because Britain doesn't want them to ○ Some colonists are going over the Appalachian Mountains to live there and that is French territory ○ France is building more outposts on their land in North America, and if the British colonists were to go over there and run into the French and shoot them, it causes a bit of a problem ○ There was a place where the French and the British both wanted and it was right on the edge of the French and British border, it was the area right near Ohio River and it connected to the Mississippi River, and the Missouri River, it is right near Pittsburg, Pennsylvania it was great land because it was perfect for farming, soil, and they could use those rivers to travel -The French build a Fort called Fort Duquesne -The British had George Washington go over there and burn their fort down and he almost got shot because he was the person in charge -The British then tell George Washington to build Fort Necessity over there -Then the French burn down the British fort down -Direct cause of the battle that happens in North America with the colonists

Answer 42

• Britain Wins • This happens during the 3rd main stage of the British Rule over the American Colonies • Huge benefits for the British • Results: ○ Britain gets all of France's territory, the entire North American Continent ○ France does keep some territory in the Caribbean ○ Enhances trade for the British, they can't be harassed by other countries like Portugal ○ Britain is now like a super power ○ Spain surrenders Florida, and it becomes another colony ○ Britain controls New Orleans for a while ○ The colonists are really frustrated because Britain is not giving them any credit, when the colonists really helped the British win the French and Indian War -Great Britain won the war, not the colonists according to Britain. They say that the colonists are apart of Britain, but overall Great Britain won the war. -American Nationalism -This victory for the colonists start to see themselves as Americans instead of being apart of the British Empire -They start seeing them as a group and they start to develop this American Nationalism -For Example: Those who go to Texas Tech has a bond and we root for Texas Tech to win

Answer 43

-Benjamin Franklin came up with this idea ○ Puts out an add to get people to come and talk about gaining independence while still being apart of Britain ○ Poster looks like a chopped up snake that says "Join or die" ○ Very start of French and Indian War ○ His plan failed ○ He chose Albany because it is now the capital of New York ○ Sets the precedent for things to come

Answer 44

insurgency

Answer 45

armed expression of political discontent

Answer 46

aimed at the government, disagreeing or having an issue with someone in the government or the government it self

Answer 47

• The more the status quo tried to push the colonists and beat them down, actually drove them to the American Revolution -So the British Government's tactics to try and get the colonists to follow their rules and etc… actually backfired and made them want to fight against the British Government

Answer 48

• Salutary Neglect -The laws that Parliament and the King created and set into place at the colonists runs into the thoughts and feelings of the colonists American Nationalism

Answer 49

* They have massive war debt after 7 years war * They want to keep the colonies dependent on Great Britain, especially politically and of course economically * They want to restructure colonial political institutions (going to be a huge issue) * King George really unstable * New Prime Minister of Parliament * Great Britain is now going to have permanent stations for British Army's in North America * British is going to control all relations with Indians and Colonists, so like if the colonists want to borrow, trade, or talk to Indians * Britain is not letting the colonies make any of their own colony money anymore, so all money comes from Britain * Britain is also not letting people live past the Appalachian Mountains * Britain has established new taxes

History Exam 1 Flashcards

(80 cards)