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History Exam Flashcards

Units 5-8 (73 cards)

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1
Q

Totalitarian

A

Gov.t that exerts total control over nation

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2
Q

Fascism

A

A philosophy that emphasizes the importance of the nation or ethnic group and the surpreme authority of the leader.

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3
Q

Interned

A

Imprisoned or confined

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4
Q

Business Cycle

A

Fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production

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5
Q

21st Amendment

A

An amendment which ended the prohibition of alcohol in the us, repealing the 18th amendment.

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6
Q

Bonus Army

A

Group of ww1 vets who marched on D.C in 1932 to demand immediate payment of their govt. war bonuses in cash

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7
Q

Speculation

A

An involvement in a risky business transaction in an effort to make a quick or large profit

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8
Q

Fedreal Securities act

A

Required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings and made them liable for any misrepresentation

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9
Q

Security and Exchange commission

A

Independent agency of the gov.t that regulates financial markets and investment companies

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10
Q

Work Progress Administration

A

A main federal relief agency for the depression, it put relief workers directly on the federal payroll

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11
Q

Social Security System

A

A system established by the social security act to provide financial security in the form of regular payments, to people who cannot support themselves.

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12
Q

Déficit spending

A

Gov.t practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes

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13
Q

Neutrality Acts

A

4 laws passed in the late 30s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents

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14
Q

Cash and Carry act

A

A policy adopted by the US to preserve the neutrality while aiding the Allies

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15
Q

Lead-Lease Act

A

Allowing arms to certain foreign countries, aka the allies

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16
Q

Selective Service Act

A

Law passed by congress in 1917 that required all men form the ages 21-30 to register for the military draft

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17
Q

Tuskegee Airmen

A

Unit of Af. American pilots

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18
Q

Code talkers

A

Navajo Indians recudirte d by the US marine corps to transmit messages in the navajo language

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19
Q

Atlantic Charter

A

Pledge signed by FDR and Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of ww1

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20
Q

Potsdamn declaration

A

The threat of “prompt and utter destruction” on japan if they don’t surrender

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21
Q

Concentration camps

A

prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately.

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22
Q

War Refugee Board

A

Federal agency created in 1944 to try to help people threatened with murder by the Nazis

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23
Q

Interned

A

Imprisoned or confined

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24
Q

Nisei

A

American born children of Japanese immigrants

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25
Death camps
camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany for the purpose of killing prisoners immediately.
26
Yalta Conference
1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war
27
United nations
An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
28
Effect of the Stock market crash
risky loans hurt banks, consumer borrowing, bank runs, bank failures, savings wiped out, cuts in production, rise in unemployment
29
Causes of the Depression
overproduction, underconsumption, poor banking system, unwise loans
30
Hoovervilles
Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress
31
The dust bowl
Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.
32
New deal
The name of President Roosevelt's program for getting the United States out of the depression
33
Relief and Job creation
Federal Emergency Relief Adminitstration : provides federal funds to state relief agencies. Using programs such as CWA, CCC and NRA
34
Fireside chats
informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people
35
Operation overlord
the code name for the Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy on June 6, 1944; also known as D-Day
36
Battle of the bulge
A 1944-1945 battle in which Allied forces turned back the last major German offensive of World War II.
37
Pearl Harbor attack
Dec 7 1941; Japanese attack American naval base and airforces in Oahu; US declares war on japan, Italy and Germany declare war on US
38
Battle of Midway
1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific
39
Battle of Okinawa
World War II victory for the Allied troops that resulted in the deaths of almost all of the 100,000 Japanese defenders; the battle claimed 12,000 American lives
40
VE Day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
41
Manhattan Project
A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.
42
Korematsu vs US
1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese America. It was not until 1988 that congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 to each survivor
43
Universal declaration on Human rights
1946 United Nations covenant binding signatory nations to the observance of specified rights.
44
Nato
group of 28 countries that has agreed to protect each other in case of attack; founded in 1949
45
House UN-American Activities committee
committee formed in the House of Representatives in the 1930s to investigate radical groups in the United States; it later came to focus on the threat of communism in the United States during World War II and the Cold War
46
Blacklist
A list of about 500 actors, writers, producers and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections.
47
McCarthyism
The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.
48
Warsaw Pact
alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO
49
Berlin Airlift
airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin
50
Marshall Plan
A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.
51
Gulf of Tonkin
1964 Congressional resolution authorizing President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam
52
Fall of Saigon
Where American troops were positioned and they got word of an attack and quickly evacuated the city.
53
Legacy of Vietnam
government abolishes military draft; War Powers Act; war contributes to cynicism about government, political leaders
54
Malcom X
spread ideas of black nationalism. disagreed w/ both the tactics and goals of the early civil rights movement. minister of the nation of isam. rejected his original name because it was his family's slave name
55
Sit-Ins
protests by black college students, 1960-1961, who took seats at "whites only" lunch counters and refused to leave until served; in 1960 over 50,000 participated in sit-ins across the South. Their success prompted the formation of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee.
56
24th Amendment
Abolishes poll tax
57
Affirmative Action
A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities
58
Thrugood Marshall
American civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.
59
Black Panthers
militant Black political party founded in 1965 to end political dominance by Whites
60
Voting rights act of 1965
a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage
61
De jure segregation
Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.
62
De facto segregation
Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice.
63
Systematic discrimination
a pattern or practice of individual acts or rules in a corporate culture that permits or condones discrimination
64
Selma March
A march that was attempted three times to protest voting rights, with many peaceful demonstrators injured and killed. Led by MLK. Resulted in Voting Rights Act.
65
March on Washington
held in 1963 to show support for the Civil Rights Bill in Congress. Martin Luther King gave his famous "I have a dream..." speech. 250,000 people attended the rally
66
J. Robert Oppenheimer
lead the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear bomb. He was remembered as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb."
67
Offfice of War mobilization
Federal agency formed to coordinate issues related to war production during World War II
68
Office of price administration
fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods
69
Gi
Government issue
70
Installment plans
Customers could buy goods by making a small down payment followed by additional monthly payments with interest
71
Collateral
security for a loan; supporting; of a separate line of descent
72
Buying on margin
paying a small percentage of a stock's price as a down payment and borrowing the rest
73
Speculation
An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make a quick or large profit

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