History Exam Flashcards
(51 cards)
What were the accomplishments during the Moderate stages of the French Revolution?
Written constitution with limits on government, reforms in legal proceedings, financial aid for small businesses, Catholic church closed down in France.
How did inventions during the Scientific Revolution contribute to knowledge?
They helped bring truth by forming the Scientific Method, focusing on ‘why’ things happen, leading to data collecting experiments and avoiding prejudice.
What were some important inventions of the Scientific Revolution?
The telescope, air pump, and laws of Motion.
What was Napoleon’s rise during the French Revolution?
He became famous for his protection against monarchial return, won many battles, and gained dictator-level powers in 1800.
What were Napoleon’s goals?
Focused on citizenship and government reform, including freedom of religion, legal equality, no class system, and help for businesses.
What happened to Napoleon in 1812?
He invaded Moscow with 600,000 men but faced a burn and retreat strategy, leading to a disastrous retreat.
What led to Napoleon’s downfall?
Prussia, Austria, and England united to defeat him, leading to his exile to Elba.
Who was Johannes Kepler?
Invented a new telescope.
Who was Robert Boyle?
Invented the air pump and Boyle’s Law.
Who was Francis Bacon?
Questioned ‘why’ things happen instead of ‘what’ happened.
Who was Sir Isaac Newton?
Invented the three Laws of Motion.
What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe?
‘No man has natural authority over fellow man.’
Who was Jean-Paul Marat?
The most influential Jacobin during the French Revolution.
Who was Maximilien Robespierre?
Leader of radical Jacobins during the French Revolution.
From whom did the king receive his right to rule during the Divine King era?
God.
Who does the king take orders from during the Divine King era?
No one, only God.
Where does the passage ‘Let everyone be subject to the governing authorities…’ come from?
Romans 13:1.
Who said the king was the head of the state like a father is the head of his family?
Sir Robert Filmer.
What two entities became subservient to the king’s absolute power?
Papacy and Church of England.
Who was the chief theorist of Divine Right in France?
Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet.
Who challenged the theory of Divine Right in his First Treatise of Civil Government?
John Locke.
What was the most important reason for European exploration?
The search for wealth.
What were Spain’s goals during exploration?
Spreading Christianity and defeating Muslim lands.
Who established trading posts all over Africa and India?
Portugal.
