HISTORY EXAM Flashcards
(525 cards)
1
Q
what is a false belief that heavenly bodies influence human affairs & destinies
A
Astrology
2
Q
the belief in 1 god
A
monotheism
3
Q
what is the world’s oldest work of literature outside of the Bible
A
epic of gilgamesh
4
Q
what is the capital of Assyria
A
nineveh
5
Q
what another name for the founding fathers of Israel
A
patriarchs
6
Q
what is a a nation ruled by God
A
theocracy
7
Q
who was the second king of Israel
A
Saul
8
Q
what is Islam’s holy book
A
Koran
9
Q
what is the highest point on land
A
Mt. Everest
10
Q
what is the the largest continent in the world
A
Asia
11
Q
what is the lowest point on land
A
dead sea
12
Q
what country is classified as a subcontinent because of its size & separation from the rest of the world
A
India
13
Q
who were the earliest known people in Asia who were in the Indus River valley around 2000 B.C.
A
Dravidians
14
Q
becoming one with Brahma
A
Hinduism
15
Q
what is the the process of “rebirth” where a person’s karma evolves the person toward spiritual perfection
A
Reincarnation
16
Q
who founded Buddhism
A
Siddhartha Gautama
17
Q
what is China’s longest ruling dynasty
A
Chou dynasty
18
Q
what dynasty Ruled at the Height of Ancient China’s power
A
Han dynasty
19
Q
which dynasty was the great wall of chine built during
A
Ch`in
20
Q
who traveled throughout far East during Kublai Khan’s empire
A
Marco Polo
21
Q
what is the Japanese word meaning “Source of the Sun”
A
Nippon
22
Q
what is the worship of nature; oldest surviving religion (the longest surviving religion)
A
Shinto
23
Q
what are families that ruled small states in Japan
A
Clans
24
Q
who was the “founder of Japanese civilization”; established a constitution for Japan
A
Prince Shotoku
25
what means emperor
mikado
26
how many independent nations make up southeast Asia
10
27
what is the largest desert
Sahara desert
28
what is the longest river
the Nile river
29
who united north and south Egypt
menes
30
Greek historian
Herodotus
31
what is the triangle shaped area of land in north Egypt where most early settlements were located
Nile delta
32
what is the written language of Egypt
hieroglyphics
33
what was used to interpret hieroglyphics
Rosetta stone
34
what is the symbol of Egyptian state & society
Pyramid
35
the preservation of the bodies of the dead for the “afterlife”
mummification
36
where were the three great pyramids built
Giza
37
most important city in Alexander’s empire
Alexandria
38
who took took over Egypt after division
Ptolemy
39
what is the capitol of Egypt
Cairo
40
what continent is known as the dark continent
Africa
41
what is the largest lake; source of the Nile River
Lake Victoria
42
led to Christ by the Apostle Philip; first African on record to become a Christian
Ethiopian Eunuch
43
natural things & animals are inhabited by spirits
animism
44
1st important post-diluvian civilizations; lived on the island of Crete
minoans
45
His stories & poems became the basis of ancient Greek religion
Homer
46
where did most of the "gods" live
Mt. Olympus
47
hilltop fortress
acropolis
48
what were the first recorded Olympic Games
776 B.C.
49
Xerxes I army was blocked at the battle of what
Battle of Thermopylae
50
what battle did the Persians burned the city of Athen
battle of salamis
51
ruled by the “best”
aristocracy
51
ruled by one
monarchy
52
power is seized by one ( Bad ) man
tyranny
53
Sparta’s chief accomplishment; “alliance” with the other Greek cities in which they were dominant city
Peloponnesian League
54
1st tyrant of Athens
Peisistratus
55
An organization led by Athens to prevent future attacks by Persia
Ancient Delian League
56
people make decisions ( Athens practiced this )
democracy
57
( Peloponnesian League )
Sparta
58
( Delian League )
Athens
59
North of Greece; they considered themselves Greeks but the Greeks did not
Kingdom of Macedonia
60
who was Alexander private Tudor
Aristotle
61
temple dedicated to the goddess Athena
Parthenon
62
Father of History
Herodotus
63
what is the common spoken language during the time of christ
koine
64
where is Rome located
Apennine peninsula
65
what are the three islands surrounding Italy
Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily
66
what year was Rome founded
753 B.C.
67
Rome’s greatest rival in the Western Mediterranean ( Northern Africa )
Carthage
68
Rome’s main temple
pantheon
69
Carthage invaded the island of Sicily
First punic war
70
Carthaginian general who invaded Rome across the Alps; fought in Italy for 12 years
Hannibal
71
which country conquered Greece & Macedonia in 146 B.C.
Rome
72
Elected consul in 59 A.D. with Pompey’s support
and Became governor of Gaul & conquered much of Europe
Julius caesar
73
when was julius caesar killed
March 15, 44 B.C.
74
who became the undisputed emperor of the entire Roman Empire
Octavian
75
what legalized Christianity
edict of Milan
76
Started the 10th & “greatest” persecution in Roman history
Diocletian
77
issued the Edict of Milan in 313 A.D.; protection & recognition of Christianity
Constantine I
78
bishop of Northern Africa who was the author of Confessions & City of God; greatest of the church fathers
Augustine
79
capital & largest city of the Eastern Empire; known as New Rome & Constantinople
Byzantine
80
1st great emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire
Justinian I
81
most famous cathedral built during Justinian I’s rule
Hagia Sophia
82
picture or symbol of Christ, Mary, or a saint
icon
83
Muslim tribe from Asia that conquered the Middle East
Seljuk Turks
84
Peter was the first Bishop of the Roman church
Petrine Theory
85
1st recognized as supreme over the Roman Catholic Church ( 445 )
pope Leo 1st
86
religious actions that provide “salvation” & “conveyed graces” to Catholics
sacraments
87
being cut off from the sacraments
Excommunicated
88
the belief that Eucharist turns into the body & blood of Jesus Christ
Transubstantiation
89
supposed piece of holy objects
Relics
90
apostles & other holy leaders from the history in the Catholic church
saints
91
certificates from the pope that decreased the punishment for sin; decreased the time spent in purgatory
Indulgences
92
the law that made people lose their bible; almost completely banning it
Council of Toulouse
93
Translated the Bible from Latin into English
John Wycliffe
94
withdrawing from society & living in solitude to be free from sin
Monasticism
95
homes where monks lived
Monasteries
96
homes where nuns lived
Convents
97
men who practiced monasticism
monks
98
women who practiced monasticism
nuns
99
first major empire in Europe after the Roman Empire
Franks empire
100
became king in 481; 1st great Frankish ruler
Clovis
101
most famous Mayor of the Palace
charles Martel
102
the 2nd Carolingian king; French word for “ Charles the Great ”
Charlemagne
103
son of Charles Martel
pepin the short
104
divided the Frankish Empire into 3 sections for Louis’ sons; France & Germany were formed from this treaty
treaty of Verdun
105
what was the Vikings most important settlement
Normandy
106
“ Red Beard ”
Frederick Barbarossa
107
ridiculed the Holy Roman Empire as “neither holy, nor roman, nor an empire”
Voltaire
108
castle in Northern Italy where the pope was staying when Henry sought forgiveness
castle of Canossa
109
took the papacy to the zenith of its power & influence
pope innocent III
110
threatened to excommunicate anyone who tried to exact these taxes & any clergymen who paid them without papal approval
Boniface VIII
111
a way of life based on the ownership & use of land
feudalism
112
the person permitted to live on the fief land
vassals
113
what's the kings personal land called
crown land
114
code of conduct for nobles & knights
chivalry
115
identifying images & symbols on a knight’s armor
heraldry
116
the training of young hawks to hunt small game
falcony
117
peasants; live in simple housed & worked on the lord’s demesne
serfs
117
Jerusalem was reconquered by the Muslims ( led by Saladin ) in 1187
third crusade
117
called for the beginning of the Crusades (1095) to reconquer the Holy Land
urban II
117
known for the manufacturing of wool
Flanders
117
best example of Gothic architecture
Cathedral of Notre Dame
118
location of 1st Medieval university for the study of medicine
Salerno
119
⅓ to ½ of the population of Europe died between 1334 & 1351; spread by poor sanitation & hygiene
the black plague
120
powerful banking family of Florence, Italy
medici family
121
followers of John Wycliffe
Lollards
122
followers of John Huss
Hussites
123
wrote Divine Comedy about a vision he had of heaven, hell, & purgatory
Dante
124
wrote Canterbury Tales which describes a group of Pilgrims who enter a story-telling contest on their journey to Canterbury
Geoffrey Chaucer
125
the study of history, grammar, speech, & poetry; these studies were the focus of the Renaissance Era
humanities
126
the “Father of Humanism”
Petrarch
127
funded Renaissance artists’ material & financial
patron
128
Personified the idea of the Renaissance Man
Leonardo Da Vinci
129
painted the Sistine Madonna & The School of Athens
Rafael
130
Michelangelo most famous Sculptings
David and Moses
131
who painted the Sistine chapel
Michelangelo
132
invented the movable-type printing press in 1440
Johann Gutenberg
133
earliest known inhabitants of the British Isles
celts
134
ancient Celtic worship site & observatory
stonehenge
135
greatest Saxon poem about Anglo-Saxon culture
Beowulf
136
Sent by Pope Gregory I to convert the Anglo-Saxons;
1st Archbishop of Canterbury
Augustine
137
concept of B.C./A.D. divisions in history
The Venerable Bede
138
invaded England in the 800’s & conquered every section but Wessex
Danes
139
who claimed the thrown after Edward the confessors death
Harold Godwin
140
William the Conqueror (Norman) defeated & killed Harold Godwin
battle of hastingswha
141
what year was the battle of hastings
1066
142
a count of people and their property
census
143
Grandson of Henry I, who started the Plantagenet line of kings
Henry II
144
Spent most of his time fighting in wars & crusades
Richard I (AKA the lion-hearted)
145
The most hated king in English history
John
146
an agreement between the king and the nobles in the tradition of King Henry I’s Charter of Liberties
Magna Carta
147
a written plan which sets up a form of government & establishes its basic governing principles
Constitution
148
what war is The main reason for the war was England’s land claim in French territory
100 year war
149
peasant girl who led French forces into battle
Joan of Arc
150
who won the 100 year war
France
151
Last Plantagenet king
Richard II
152
(Red rose)
Lancaster
153
(White rose)
York
154
final major battle of the 100 years war
battle of bosworth
155
defeated the Yorks and became Henry VII
henry Tudor
156
began the modern nation of France in 987; his capital was Paris
Hugh capet
157
1st king to place his position above the nobles; accompanied Richard I on the Crusade of Kings
Philip II
158
made France the most powerful nation in Europe
Louis IX
159
known as Phillip the Fair; argued with Boniface VIII over power in France
Philip IX
160
France’s version of Parliament; Phillip the Fair created this group to gain support against the Pope
estate general
161
what peninsula is Spain and Portugal located on
Iberian peninsula
162
ancient Roman name for Portugal; foremost nation in the Age of Exploration
Lusitania
163
started a school for navigation & exploration
Henry the navigator
164
sailed around Africa to India; 1st European to reach the Far East by sea
Vasco de gama
165
who funded Christopher Columbus trip
Spain
166
where did Christopher Columbus land (he thought it was america)
Bahamas(San Salvador)
167
what year did Christopher Columbus set sail
1492
168
Italian sailor after whom America is named
Amerigo Vespucci
169
1st great civilization of the Western Hemisphere
mayas
170
most important civilization in South America (Peru); Cuzco was their capital
incas
171
most powerful North American Empire at the beginning of the Age of Exploration; Tenochtitlan was was their capital
Aztecs
172
1st Spanish landing in North America; searched for the Fountain of Youth in Florida
Ponce de Leon
173
led 3-year voyage around the world; 1st to circumnavigate the globe
Ferdinand Magellan
174
drawn by Pope Alexander VI to end the exploration rivalry between Spain & Portugal
Line of Demarcation
175
conquered the Incas of Peru
Francisco Pizarro
176
discovered the Grand Canyon
Francisco Coronado
177
claimed Brazil for Portugal
Pedro Cabral
178
1st modern explorer to reach the North American mainland
John Cabot
179
1st protestant university in Europe
University of Wittenberg
180
when did Martin Luther nail the 95 thesis
October 31, 1517
181
followers of Martin Luther
Lutherans
182
morningstar of the reformation
John Wycliffe
183
first great frankish leader
Clovis
184
started the holy Roman empire
Otto the great
185
first great king of England
Alfred the great
186
first medieval pope
Gregory I
187
last Plantagenet king
Richard II
188
carried out the "Babylonian captivity of the papacy"
Phillip IV
189
"father of dutch liberties"
William the silent
190
leader of the Jesuits
ignatius Loyola
191
led Portugal in its greatest days of glory
John I
192
his coronation started the modern nation of France
Hugh capet
193
wrote "divine comedy"
Dante
194
setup model parliament
Edward I
195
first protestant king of France
Henry IV (of Navarre)
196
what peninsula do Spain and Portugal share
Iberian
197
what treaty formed the modern nations of France and Germany
Verdun
198
what was the foremost nation in the age of exploration
Lusitania
199
who wrote wealth of nations
Adam Smith
200
what country became the music center of the world
Germany
201
who painted the Sistine chapel
Michelangelo
202
what word means "government by men who sit at desks"
bureaucracy
203
who won the English civil war
ironsides
204
what composer was best known as a child prodigy
Wolfgang A. Mozart
205
what were French protestants called
Huguenots
206
who won the boer war
England
207
who was Henry VIII's only son
Edward VI
208
who was the first black bishop of the church of England
Samuel crowther
209
Vasco de Balboa discovered the ________
Pacific ocean
210
what were the French divisors of society called
estates
211
which king made France the most powerful nation in Europe
Luis IX
212
who as known for his fifth and ninth symphony
Ludwig van Beethoven
213
who said "after me the deluge"
Louis XV
214
who was the first Tudor king
Henry VII
215
who led the protestants in Scotland
John Knox
216
who referred to himself as "the sun king"
louis XIV
217
which crusade was also called the "crusade of kings"
third
218
who was the polish astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory
nicolaus Copernicus
219
who founded Quebec
samuel de Champlain
220
who is called "the father of English hymn"
Issac watts
221
who started the plantagenat line of kings
henry II
222
what industrial giant founded the largest steel company in the world
Andrew Carnegie
223
battle of tours
732
224
crowning of Hugh capet
987
225
United States constitution
1789
226
settlement of Jamestown
1607
227
settlement of Plymouth
1620
228
"glorious revolution"
1688
229
united England and Scotland
1707
230
settlement of Massachusetts bay
1630
231
start for the French revolution
1789
232
who won the hundred years war
France
233
what full date marked the start of the protestant reformation
oct. 31, 1517
234
what document placed the king under the law
magna Carta
235
who was Henry's VIII's daughter who was a beloved Queen of England
Queen Elizabeth I
236
who gave us the law of universal gravitation
Issac Newton
237
what battle was Napoleon final defeat
battle of Waterloow
238
ho was considered the greatest writer of all time
William shakespeare
239
what were natives of New Zealand called
Maoris
240
what were natives of Australia called
aborigines
241
who conquered the Aztecs
hernando cortez
242
what is America's economic system called
capitalism
243
what were the south African dutch farmers called
Boers
244
the french sought the supposed water routes called the ___?____ in the new world
northwest passage way
245
the king of Sparta and leader of the famous 300 Spartans
Leonidas
246
Florence nightingale created the modern _____?_____ profession
nursing
247
John bunyan wrote __?__ England's greatest allegory
pilgrims progress classic
248
a ___?___ is a work of superior excellence that has stood the test of time
Bible
249
storming of the __?__ initiated the French revolution
Bastille
250
father of the french revolution
Rousseau
251
dictator of France
napoleon
252
wrote "hallelujah chorus"
george f. Handel
253
leader of the army of ironsides
Oliver Cromwell
254
famous missionary explorer
David Livingstone
255
"father of modern missions"
William Carey
256
wrote paradise lost
John Milton
257
first ambassador to Japan
townshend Harris
258
father of anatomy
Andreas Vesalius
259
led the committee of public safety
Maximilien Robespierre
260
prince of preachers
Charles spurgeon
261
wrote commentaries on the laws of England
sir William Blackstone
262
popularized the theory of evolution
Charles Darwin
263
who originated relativism
Immanuel Kant
264
2 opposing views (thesis & antithesis) will logically come to a correct conclusion (synthesis)
Dialectic Thinking
265
a European meeting to fix the political & border issues caused by the Napoleonic Wars
Congress of Vienna
266
who led the Congress of Vienna
prince von metternich
267
first king of a united Italy
Victor Immanuel II`
268
strongest German state in the Confederation led by Otto von Bismarck
Prussia
269
discovered hundreds of profitables uses for the peanut & other crops
George Washington Carver
270
created the planetary model of the atom
Niels Bohr
271
Cuban doctor who theorized yellow fever spread through mosquitoes
Dr. Carlos Finlay
272
created the assembly line process & the 1st mass-produced car (Model-T)
Henry Ford
273
invented the world’s 1st successful airplane in 1903
Orville & Wilbur Wright
274
became the main form of entertainment & information by World War I
radio
275
was the first commercial broadcasting station
KDKA
276
largest ocean liner in the world
titanic
277
what year did the titanic sink
1912
278
Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy
triple alliance
279
France, Great Britain, & Russia
triple entente
280
who's killing began WW1
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
281
a 600 mile stretch of land where Allies & Central powers faced off; new weapons brought great casualties
western front
282
`the successful defense of Paris from the German army in August of 1914
Miracle on the Marne
283
A British counterattack after Verdun at the Somme in Northern France; mostly failed
Battle of the Somme
284
led the Bolshevik Revolution, which overthrew the government in November of 1917
Vladimir Lenin
285
British-led attack to capture Istanbul & defeat the Turkish Empire
Gallipoli Campaign
286
most important naval battle of the war; Britain won & Germany’s navy retreated for the rest of the war
Battle of Jutland
287
pilots who shot down at least 5 enemy aircrafts
aces
288
what note pushed the us closer to war
Zimmerman Note
289
President of U.S. during WWI
Woodrow Wilson
290
what year did America join WW1
1917
291
who led the doughboys to victory
John Pershing
292
when did the central powers surrender
November 11, 1918
293
God’s pattern of law; this is the Historical Way
the reign of law
294
a speech given by President Wilson that outlined his plan for world peace
14 points
295
European nations met to discuss recovery & punishment for Germany
Conference at Versailles
296
international peace organization made to keep world peace
League of Nations
297
who took the blame for WW1
Germany
298
what was the only nation to not join the league of nations
America
299
a form of socialism that promotes violent overthrow of government to change society; usually results in a dictator that controls the people
communism
300
who formulated communism
Karl Marx
301
1st to put communism into practice on a wide-scale
Vladimir lenin
302
what was marxism favorite saying
"haves or Have not"
303
only the material world exists & material conditions alone determine a person’s life
Dialectical Materialism
304
written by Karl Marx in 1867; basis for the ideology of communism
“Das Kapital”
305
original inhabitants of Russia
Slavs
306
overthrew the Mongols in 1480 & became the 1st leader of united Russia
Ivan III
307
1st to take the title of czar
Ivan the Terrible (IV)
308
founded the Romanov dynasty of czars
Michael Romanov
309
greatest Romanov ruler; modernized Russia & made St. Petersburg the new capital
Peter Romanov
310
czar during the Napoleonic Wars & the French invasion & the Oregon Territory during his rule
Alexander I
311
war fought with Japan over Manchuria; Russia lost
Russo-Japanese War
312
the overthrowing of Nicholas II and set up of a Provisional Government (February 1917)
Russian Revolution
313
the overthrowing of the Provisional Government by Lenin to establish the world’s 1st Communist Government
Bolshevik Revolution (November 1917)
314
Lenin’s organization made to spread Communism around the world
Third International
315
what does USSR stand for
Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics
316
who told over Russia after lenin died
Stalin
317
Stalin’s attempt to transform Russia into an Industrial superpower; collectivizing agriculture led to millions of deaths
five year plan
318
wrote The Gulag Archipelago
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
319
to have the freedom from something or freedom to do something
Liberalism
320
frees man from God’s morals & standards
Modern Liberalism
321
preserving (conserving) traditional Western & Judeo-Christian principles & morals
Conservatism
322
nothing can be known except for observable science
Positivism
323
the study of the mind
Psychology
324
who promoted psychology
Sigmund Freud
325
viewing man as an animal that can be “trained” or “conditioned”
Behavioral Psychology
326
an idea or action that should be judged solely by the results
Pragmatism
327
created by John Dewey; applying liberal philosophy & pseudoscience to education
Progressive Education
328
“The Prophet of the Social Gospel”
Walter Rauschenbusch
329
a union of all spiritual regardless of doctrinal differences
Ecumenism
330
“Prince of Expositors”
G. Campbell Morgan
331
“My Utmost for His Highest”; YMCA during WWI
Oswald Chambers
332
converted baseball star who led thousands to Christ
billy Sunday
333
known for the art style: cubism
Pablo Picasso
334
wrote The Jungle about the meat-packing industry in Chicago
Upton Sinclair
335
wrote The Hobbit & The Lord of the Rings
J.R.R. Tolkien
336
wrote Animal Farm & 1984
George Orwell
337
wrote The Chronicles of Narnia & The Screwtape Letters
C.S. Lewis
338
what nation became the leading financial and industrial nation after ww1
America
339
investments or shares in an industrial or commercial company
stock
340
what day did the stock market crash
Oct. 29, 1929
341
a form of socialism that is similar to Communism; it exercises totalitarian control of political, economic, cultural, religious, and social activities, and it follows Darwinian ideas in its attempts to change society and bring in a new social order
fascism
342
who was the fascist leader of Italy
Benito Mussolini
343
Hitler’s biography; described his racist, humanistic philosophy
Mein Kampf (“My Struggle”)
344
Hitler’s title
Der Fuhrer
345
leader of Militaristic Japan
General Hideki Tojo
346
what year did the U.S. officially recognize the Communist government in Russia
1933
347
leader of Nationalist forces of China
Chiang Kai-Shek
348
leader of the Communist forces of China
Mao Tse-Tung
349
American general who led the “Flying Tigers”
Claire Chennault
350
in the year 1935 what country did italy invade
Ethiopia
351
aided by Germany to defeat Communists
Francisco Franco
352
Prime Minister of England who negotiated the Munich Pact with Hitler; “peace in our times”
Neville Chamberlain
353
Hitler signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Russia in the year?
1939
354
(lightning war)
Blitzkrieg
355
where did the German army push the allies in France back too
Dunkirk
356
led the French resistance against Germany
Charles de Gaulle
357
new Prime Minister of England after Neville Chamberlain resigned; the 20th
Winston Churchill
358
Hitler’s plan to invade & conquer England
Operation Sea-Lion
359
England’s RAF fought off Germany & forced them to abandon the invasion
Battle of Britain
360
under who's leadership did Germany reconquered the Northern African territory
Erwin Rommel
361
American gunboats
panay
362
what the date for pearl harbor
December 7, 1941
363
the failed Allied attempt to gain a foothold in Europe in 1942
Dieppe
364
American general who became commander of all Allied forces in Europe
Dwight Eisenhower
365
Allied offensive to retake North Africa
Operation Torch
366
second generation; Japanese-American soldiers
nisei
367
on what day did the Allies invaded Normandy, France to retake Europe from the Nazis
D-Day: on June 6, 1944
368
what day did Berlin surrender
May 2, 1945
369
what day did the rest of Germany surrender
May 8, 1945; V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)
370
was sent to the Philippines to prepare them for defense against Japan
General Douglas MacArthur
371
march of Japanese prisoners of war to a prison camp in Bataan; thousands were murdered
Bataan Death March
372
first naval battle where naval ships never saw each other
the battle of coral sea
373
Japanese suicide pilots who launched attacks on American ships
Kamikazes
374
In August 1945, America dropped 2 atomic bombs on ___?___
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
375
Camps in Europe such as Treblinka, Dachau, Buchenwald, & Auschwitz (most famous) were death sentences for millions of people
Concentration Camp
376
1st permanent world peace organizations
UN (united nations)
377
met to discuss the fate (splitting up) of Germany
Potsdam
378
representatives from all member nations
General Assembly
379
five permanent & ten elected nations
Security Council
380
the Secretary General & his raids
Secretariat
381
a “war of words” & ideology between the Soviet Union
the cold war
382
Soviet Goals:
1. Add satellite nations to its empire
2. Extend its trading powers
3. Expand Russia’s borders
4. Spread Communism
383
executed for selling nuclear secrets to Russia
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
384
director of Britain’s nuclear research program; supplied Russia with a detonator for the atomic bomb
Klaus Fuchs
385
an American senator, who led an investigation into supposed Communist spies in American government; it was unsuccessful
Joseph McCarthy
386
Churchill’s description of Soviet control over its Eastern European Empire
Iron Curtain
387
Truman’s policy of containment against communism; financial aid of nations threatened by communism (Turkey & Greece)
Truman Doctrine
388
Europe Recovery Program of economic assistance to rebuild Europe after WWII
Marshall Plan
389
what does North Atlantic Treaty Organization stand for
NATO
390
leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s Death; wanted a “de-Stalinization” of Russia
Nikita Khrushchev
391
built by the Soviets in 1941 to enslave East Berlin
Berlin wall
392
became a nation in 1955 under the leadership of Konrad Adenauer
west Germany
393
Became the president of France in 1958 & led them to prosperity
Charles de Gaulle
394
Remained “neutral” during WWII
Francisco Franco
395
imposed an arms embargo on the Nationalists in 1945
George C. Marshall
396
Mao’s plan to increase industry; agriculture declined & millions were lost
Five-Year Plan
397
Mao’s 2nd Five-Year Plan to increase industry; 15 million people died & the economy collapsed
Great Leap Forward
398
Chinese attempt to purge all Western influence with use of the Red Guards
Cultural Revolution (1966)
399
ruled China after Mao Tse-Tung
Deng Xaioping
400
what year did Stalin die
1951
401
dictator of Cuba from 1934-1959
Fulgencio Batista
402
successfully overthrew Batista in 1959; became a Communist dictator in Cuba
Fidel Castro
403
Communists revolutionaries of Nicaragua
Sandinistas
404
overthrew the government of Argentina & established tyrannical rule
Juan Perón
405
1st woman to head a government in the Western Hemisphere
Isabel Perón
406
Communist President of Chile
Salvador Allende
407
supported a national Jewish homeland in Palestine
Balfour Declaration
408
founding of the modern nation of Israel
1948
409
Israel preemptively attacked & defeated surrounding Arabic nations
Six-Day War (1967)
410
Egypt & Syria invaded Israel’s territory but they were defeated
Yom Kippur War (1973-1974)
411
peace treaty between Israel & Egypt negotiated by President Jimmy Carter; first Arabic/Jewish treaty in history
Camp David Accords (1978)
412
formed to control supply & price of oil
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
413
sought to establish a Palestinian state in Israel through force & terror
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)
414
became dictator of Iraq in 1979
Saddam Hussein
415
advocated civil disobedience against the British in a movement for independence
Mahatma Gandhi
416
the 1st black African nation south of the Sahara to gain independence
Ghana
417
Prime Minister & eventual dictator of Ghana
Kwame Nkrumah
418
Belgium’s largest African colony
The Congo
419
became dictator of the Congo; it was renamed Zaire in 1971
Joseph Mobutu
420
2 oldest African independent states
Liberia & Ethiopia
421
last of the original monarchs of Ethiopia
Haile Selassie I
422
policy of racial segregation in South Africa
Apartheid
423
communist soldiers from North Vietnam who invaded the South (1957) & eventually the rest of Indochina led by Ho Chi Minh
Viet Cong
424
a main North Vietnamese invasion route & supply trail
Ho Chi Minh Trail
425
large-scale Northern Vietnamese attack against 30 Vietnamese cities & several U.S. military installations
Tet Offensive
426
developed the hydrogen bomb in 1952
Known as “The Father of the Hydrogen Bomb”
Edward Teller
427
worked to include Communist China in the United Nations (1971)
Henry Kissinger
428
became dictator of the Soviet Union in 1964
Leonid Brezhnev
429
allowed the Soviet Union more access to technology & weapons from the West
Helsinki Accords
430
warned the West to not be too trusting of the Soviet Union’s decreased hostility
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
431
treaty of 1972 & 1978 that “reduced” nuclear weapons in Russia & America
Salt I & Salt II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
432
1st man-made satellite
Sputnik 1
433
1st man in space
Yuri Gagarin
434
mission of the 1st moon landing (Neil Armstrong, 1969)
Apollo 11
435
conservative leader that became England’s 1st female Prime Minister (1979)
Margaret Thatcher
436
became president of America in 1981
Ronald Reagan
437
Argentina fought for control of the Falkland Islands; England won the war
Falkland Islands
438
an offensive policy to stop communism before it attacked a nation; applied in Nicaragua & Grenada
Reagan Doctrine
439
nuclear power plant in Russia that had a reactor meltdown in 1986; still uninhabitable today
Chernobyl
440
system of space-age weaponry designed to destroy enemy missiles in flight
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
441
freedom movement in Poland that was brutally crushed
Solidarity Movement
442
dictator of Romania overthrown in 1989
Nicolae Ceausescu
443
demonstration for freedom in China that was brutally crushed
Tiananmen Square
444
the first elected President in Russia’s history
Boris Yeltan
445
dictator of Iraq; invaded Kuwait in 1990 for their oil
Saddam Hussein
446
president during the Persian Gulf War
George H.W. Bush
447
overall commander of Operation Desert Storm
General Colin Powell
448
leader of ground troops in combat
General Norman Schwarzkopf
449
the threat of violent actions used to put fear into a group of people to control them; usually done for political or religious purposes
Terrorism
450
led by Osama bin Laden (leader of 9/11 attacks)
Al-Qaeda
451
on ____?____ Islamic terrorists launched an attack on New York City & Washington D.C.
September 11, 2001
452
the “government” in Afghanistan
Taliban
453
president who declared war on terror; his Bush Doctrine warned that nations harboring terrorists would be treated as enemies of the U.S.
George W. Bush
454
President Bush’s label for Iraq, Iran, & North Korea because of the threat of nuclear weapons
“Axis of Evil”
455
bombing of Iraq began
March 19, 2003
456
became president of Iran in 2005
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
457
Prime Minister of Great Britain who supported the U.S. war on terrorism
Tony Blair
458
President of Pakistan who supported the U.S.
Pervez Musharraf
459
Pakistan’s 1st female Prime Minister
Kashmir: region that is a great source of conflict between Pakistan & India
Benazir Bhutto
460
region that is a great source of conflict between Pakistan & India
Kashmir
461
a plan to form a European Central Bank with a single currency for all members of the EEC
Maastricht Treaty
462
longest ruling Labour Prime Minister; supported American in war against terrorism
Tony Blair
463
united France & England under the English Channel
The Chunnel
464
longest-ruling leader in Germany’s postwar history
Helmut Kohl
465
became the 1st female Chancellor in Germany’s history (2005)
Angela Merkel
466
a coalition of private industries & government
“Managed Capitalism”
467
cease-fire agreed upon by Bosnian Serbs to end hostility in Bosnia
Dayton Peace Accords
468
“President” of Russia; used his power to put down his opposition in Russia & Chechnya
Boris Yeltsin
469
“Four Modernizations”
Had economic & business growth in 1990’s–2000’s; one of the largest economies in the world today
Deng Xiaoping
470
succeeded Kim Il Sung; this made Korea the only Communist dynasty
Kim Jong Il
471
successor of Kim Jong Il; current leader of North Korea
Kim Jong Un
472
a Marxist terrorist government of Namibia
SWAPO
473
the Hutu tribe attacked & slaughtered the Tutsi people
Rwanda
474
1st woman head of state in Africa
Ruth Perry
475
head of the ANC (African National Congress)
Nelson Mandela
476
known for violence incited by drug lords & guerillas
Colombia
477
Contra freedom fighters were successful & Nicaragua had free elections in 1990
Nicaragua
478
leader of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua
Daniel Ortega
479
Communist revolutionaries of Nicaragua
Sandinistas
480
Eliminated trade barriers between Canada, America, & Mexico
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
481
liberal leader of Canada
Pierre Trudeau
482
Canada’s 1st female Prime Minister
Kim Campbell
483
Conservative Party Leader & new Prime Minister of Canada
Steven Harper
484
president after Ronald Reagan
George H.W. Bush
485
democratic president after H.W. Bush
Bill Clinton
486
coordinates world trade policies
WTO
487
1st female secretary of state in US
Madeleine Albright
488
elected president & led the way in war on terrorism
George W. Bush
489
military government of Japan; helped with World War II
Douglas McArthur
490
1st democratically elected president of China
Lee Tung-Hui
491
1st civilian president of South Korea
Kim Young Sam
492
Gained independence on July 4, 1946
The Philippines
493
president of the Philippines until he was forced to flee
Ferdinand E. Marcos
494
Indonesia’s 1st president
Sukarno
495
replaced Sukarno & sought assistance from the West
Suharto
496
“Land of the Free”; the only South East Asian country to never have been ruled by a Western power
Muang Thai
497
1st nation to place itself under UN jurisdiction
Australia
498
Prime Minister of India, who focused on bettering India’s domestic condition & standing worldwide
Singh
499
an ethnic group of nomadic Muslims
Kurds
500
Palestine occupied territories in Israel
Intifada
501
“Land for Peace”
Oslo Accords
502
conservative Prime Minister of Israel
Benjamin Netanyahu:
503
peace between Israel & Palestine
Hebron Accords
504
IDF pursuit of Yassir Arafat
Operation Defensive Shield
505
Israeli reoccupation of territory previously ceded to Palestine
Operation Determined Path
506
2 state system for Israel & Palestine
Road Map for Peace
507
hurricane that struck the U.S. in 2005; one of the greatest natural disasters America has ever experienced
Hurricane Katrina
508
the linking together of military & university computers
ARPANET
509
proved the integration of different kinds of technology into 1 device
Cellphones
510
Radio Frequency Identification chips; tracking system associated with GPS technology
RFID
511
largest & most intricate global project undertaken
International Space Station (ISS)
512
1st Chinese Taikonaut in space
Yang Liwei
513
the belief that order in the universe is not the result of random combinations but the design of an intelligent being
Intelligent Design (ID)
514
the idea that come biological systems are irreducible complexity (Michael Behe)
Irreducible Complexity
515
the killing of the weak or infirmed; 1st legalized in Holland
Euthanasia
516
idea of God-given absolute standard of ethics
Metanarrative
517
animals & plants are on the same level of importance as humans
Modern Environmentalism
518
belief that the general temperature of the earth & its oceans is being warmed due to the pollution & greenhouse gases
Global Warming
519
required nations to reduce greenhouse emissions to baselines used during the 1900s (“carbon credits”)
Kyoto Protocol
520
a plan for one-world government rather than individual freedom
Globalism
