History Exam 2020 Flashcards
(74 cards)
1
Q
Meech Lake Accord
A
- Brian Mulroney held a meeting in Meech Lake, Quebec, to discuss adding to Quebec to the constitution
- his whole idea was to preserve Quebec’s unique identity and to give the other provinces more powers (shared control of immigration, and the option to pot out of national agreements).
- Women’s groups in Canada worried that this change would override women’s rights issues in Canada
- Aboriginal groups felt as though they should be able to receive a unique identity as well
- Leaders such as Newfoundland and an aboriginal leader voted against the accord, arguing that it caused inequality among provinces.
2
Q
Charlottetown Accord
A
- Brain tried once again to bring Quebec into the constitution, this time trying to learn from mistakes of Meech Lake
- the National Referendum was to approve the accord, it was accepted by Liberal, New Democrat, and Conservative parties
- Still concerns on making Quebec a distinct society
- Constitution was again not changed
3
Q
1995 Referendum
A
- Quebec wanted to separate
- Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accord was failing
- Wanted sovereignty from Canada but also an economic association with Canada
- Jean Chretien was the PM at the time, fighting against Jacques Parizeau that wanted to separate
- Canada won the “no” side with a 50.6 % win
4
Q
Brian Mulroney
A
- PM of Canada who tried twice to change the constitution and negotiated the Canada-U.S Trade agreement
- was unsuccessful at changing the constitution
5
Q
Constitution Act of 1982
A
- Canada’s constitution was changed and taken from Britain’s power to Canada’s instead
- Quebec refused to sign
6
Q
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
A
- Allowed different demographics of people to receive equal rights
7
Q
Attawapiskat
A
-
8
Q
Ipperwash Crisis
A
- During the second world war, the Ipperwash provincial park was changed into a military training camp
- Indigenous people were promised the land back, but the government were not living up to their promises
- The gov’t issued a public apology
- Increased education on land rights
- the gov’t introduced the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs
- OPP used weapons to intimidate Aboriginals
- OPP officers were educated on land claims
9
Q
Residential Schools
A
- Children were put into residential schools to take away the Indian culture and
10
Q
Residential Schools
A
- Children were put into residential schools to take away the Indian culture away
- suffered mental, physical, and sexual abuse
- PM Stephen Harper issued an apology to the Indigenous people
- Caused depression, loss of identity, substance abuse, and broken families within the community
11
Q
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
A
- visited residential survivors to raise awareness
- Established the center of Truth and Reconciliation in Manitoba to continue making progress
- helped to improve missing women crisis, getting indigenous people into schools, reducing number of students in foster care, and addressing the healthcare gap
- realized that Canada contributed to cultural genocide.
12
Q
Comprehensive Land Claim (Nunavut)
A
- took 20 years to negotiate this land deal
- signed into law in 1923, and new territory came into effect
- significant as it was the first time that Canada was able to offer Indigenous Canadians true self-government and separate land
13
Q
Nisa’s Agreement
A
- the first modern-day treaty which came into effect in 2000
- authority to govern the land
- the annual allocation of salmon and entitlements to harvest other fish
- Received funding for education and health services
14
Q
Peacekeeping
A
- keeping two sides of conflict from fighting any more
- Canada was known of a peackeeping nation
- the efficiency of peacekeeping was questioned in 1990
15
Q
Peacemaking
A
- Participating on one side of an active conflict
- From WW11 to 1990 there was only one mission: Koren War
16
Q
9/11
A
- 239 flights were diverted to Canada
- passed the Anti-Terrorism Act and Public Safety Act
- flights sent to Newfoundland where people offered lots of support
17
Q
Afganistan War
A
- terrorist groups were trained in Afganistan
- fought in many different areas
- many Canadian soldiers were killed in the last few years
18
Q
Baby Boomers
A
- retiring boomers are now creating a high demand for other people to take jobs
- changed the economy
- longer life expectancy
19
Q
Causes of WW1
A
- Militarism: needing the best military
- Alliances
- Imperialism: a country taking over another country
- Nationalism: pride for a country
- The assassination of Archduke Franc Ferdinand
20
Q
Vimy Ridge
A
- Canadians to capture the ridge that french and British had failed to do
- Arthur Currie led the attack and made it successful
- troops practiced a lot
- Arthur Currie was put in command
21
Q
Arthur Currie
A
- Arthur currie led the successful attack of Vimy ridge
- in command of the entire army after Vimy
- seat in the treaty of Versailles
22
Q
Sam Hughes
A
- minister of militia
- advocate for the ross rifle
23
Q
John Mccrae
A
- veteran in ww1
- wrote In Flanders Fields
24
Q
Mackenzie King
A
- PM
25
Emily Murphy
- a first female judge in Canada
| - Person's Case
26
Famous Five
- Five women who advocated to make women be considered persons in Canada
27
Frederick Banting
- scientist
| - created insulin
28
Francis P
- Indigenous sniper
| - Put himself in danger many times by going into enemy territory
29
Conscription
-
30
Conscription
- Robert Borden wanted every man to enlist in the war
- Canada has an obligation to Britain
- wanted to win
- If Britain lost, Canada would suffer
- No replacements mean other troops suffer
- Canada is obligated to take care of itself, not Britain
- The United States would help Canada out if there was a problem with Germany
- We should not have to force people
31
Women Getting to Vote (Wartime Election Act)
- 1917 women of boy relatives could vote (encourage conscription)
- 1918 vote was extended to all women
32
Halifax Explosion
- one ship carrying explosions
- one carrying relief provisions
- tsunamis, many fires in buildings, and a snowstorm
- People went blind as a result of flying glass and debris
- Boston sent support through Red Cross
- homelessness
33
Enemy Aliens
- thought they were suspicious and intolerant
- War Measures Act: the right to ensure full safety during the war
- people had to unfairly report to the police and carry identity cards
- banned publications of books in an enemy language
- discrimination
- companies fired many and wanted a mass- internment
34
Independence
- Canada was acknowledged for independent success in the war
| - gained reputation
35
Prohibition
- wanted to ban alcohol
- wanted the grain to go to soldiers instead
- private clubs and illegal selling
- industries improved as fewer people missed work
-
36
Prohibition
- wanted to ban alcohol
- wanted the grain to go to soldiers instead
- private clubs and illegal selling
- industries improved as fewer people missed work
- crime rate stopped
- gov't brought back conscription because they were losing too much tax money
37
Spanish Flu
- the virus that affected younger people
- came back to Canada through the trenches in Europe
- stations, churches, schools, and theatres closed
- led to the creation of department of health
- quarantined
38
Five cent Piece Speech
- PM Mackensie King would not give a penny to any govt that was not liberal
39
Winnipeg General Strike
- veterans looking for work after the war
- tensions were high because of a lot of immigrants
- arrested strike leaders
- people overturned a bus, cops came to the riot, and many people were injured
- many people lost their jobs
40
Statue of Westminister
- Canada was making efforts to be independent
| - statue recognized that Britain was no longer in charge of its colonies, and Canada was fully independent
41
Halibut Treaty
Canada did not need Britain to co-sign agreements that Canada makes with other countries
42
Causes of the Great Depression
- overproduction of products
- Canada was too dependant on certain resources
- competition decreased sales
- Canada was too dependant on the United States
- stock market crash
43
Impact of WW1 on Canada
- women getting the death
- French and English relations were damaged
- Deaths and casualties
- internment
44
Impact of the Depression on Canada
- reduced immigration
- increased deportations
- reduced birth rates
- new political parties formed when the existing ones did not do enough
- introduction of unemployment insurance
- changed the way Canadians felt about the economy ad the role of the store
45
Parties Formed
- CCF
- Social Credit
- Union Nationale
46
Christie Pitts Riot
- baseball game with jewish and Christian team
- fight in the crowd
- swastika blanket and swastika painted on the roof
- a boy almost died
- the rumor that people had died
- many other people joined into the riot
47
Causes of ww11
- Hitler wanted to get revenge for the treaty of Versailles as it had no benefit to Germany
- Hitler promised jobs coming out of the depression
- fascism
- Appeasement (other countries did not want to start a war, so they did everything that Germany said to do)
- the Nazi army continued to rise and to ignore the treaty
- Hitler could go forward without the worry of the league of nations stepping in
- Hitler invades Poland which starts the war
48
Dieppe
- coastal town occupied by Germans
- wanted to be a surprise
- Soviet Union wanted their allies to relieve pressure on them by opening another front
- test equipment and gain experience for a full scale invasion
- keep the Germans guessing as to where the attack would be coming from
- wanted to land on beach, take over town, and get some prisoners in one day
- landing craft on the way exchnaged shots with the Germans and they were alerted
- element of surprise was lost/not enough naval support
- poor planning and not good enough intelligence
- did take pressure off of the soviet union
- showed the soviets that the Germans were too strong to open up another front
- learnt lessons that were valuable to other battles (d-day)
49
D-Day
- The allies decided to start pushing the Germans back to reclaim lost land they had lost
- wanted to attack coastal areas of France to be able to win the Europe war
- wanted to trick the Germans to confuse them
- fake army camps
- The US sent their top general to the area
- fake radio signals
- the German defense on the Atlantic Wall was very strong
- Five beaches (Juno for Canada)
- RAF bombers dropped aluminum foil to trick Germans
- the victory of the battle led Canada to begin to take over northwestern Europe
- opened up a third front, that assisted allies fighting on other fronts
50
The liberation of the Netherlands
- fierce and difficult fighting
- Canadians were welcomed as heroes
- sent in food and other reliefs and rescued people from the Germans
- Dutch people still thank Canada today for their braver and send flowers every year
51
Women in WW2
- in the workforce
- childcare became much cheaper and more accessible
- pilots, navy, air force
- created a new women's division
- women were in almost industries
- volunteers packaging parcels for POW
52
Internment of Japenese Canadians
- came to work on the railroad (Dangerous work)
- people with small businesses, cars, boats were all sold, with no money given back in return
- Japenese was charged and essentially paid for their internment
53
St. Louise accident
- the boat that was used to save 900 Jewish people from death camps and take them to Cuba
- denied entry
54
conscription (WW2)
- Mackenzie King promised to not start conscription ever again
- 1942 asked to be released from his anti-conscription pledge as he felt it was necessary
- casualties were high and were continuing, he then sent 16,000 conscripted men to the army
- some minimal rioting occurred
- people acknowledge that King did the best he could to take everyone's opinion, and still do what was right for the country
55
Camp X
- A camp on Lake Ontario that was used to train British Secret Intelligence Agents
- William Stephenson
- Trained people to do undercover work, provided agents with fake costumes and passports
- Helped to slow down German advances and help decrease the number of casualties
56
Hiroshima
- first atomic bomb dropped by United States after the world war
- Enola Grey dropped Little Boy
- killed around 200,000 people as a result of radiation after five years
57
The Holocaust
- antisemitism was strong and blame for Germany losing the war
- Concentration Camps
- Death Camps
- Killing squads
- segregation of Jewish people into the ghettos where may got sick and starved
- used as slaves
- gas chambers
58
Nato
- countries coming together to support each other against communist countries
- Canada had a very political involvement
- played a vital role as they were the founding country of the alliance, efforts in the Afghan war, and had many troops in Germany at any given time
59
Korean War
- North Korea which was soviet occupied, invaded South Korea
- Canada supplied soldiers, naval destroyers, air transport, and squadron
- UN ordered troops to be sent
60
Suez Crisis
- Egypt tried to take over the Suez canal
- Owned by the British and French
- The Soviet Union offered Egypt missiles
- The US got involved
61
October Crisis
- FLQ terrorist group
- captured James Cross and Pierre Laporte
- Pierre assassinated
- War Measures Act
- led to arrests without trials
62
Women's Rights Movements
- Federal gov't and Florence Bird
- Royal Commission on the Status of Women
- conferences regarding gender issues
- ended gender discrimination, started equal pay, maternity leave for up to 25 weeks, legalized abortion under strict circumstances, allowed contraceptives, and decriminalized homosexual acts
63
Immigration Point System
- have to receive valid amount of points to get into Canada
- replaced racist laws
- led to a more diverse Canada
64
White Paper 1969
- Minister of Indian Affairs
- take away Indian Status
- Indigenous people to be equal to everyone else
- take away the Indian Act and the federal gov's obligation to treaty rights
- the shift from cultural to economic development
65
Calder Case
- Sued the BC government
| - thought all Aboriginal people still had the right to the title of their own land
66
Inuit relocation
- relocated up North
- wanted to move back but did not want to argue with the gov't
- asserting Canadian sovereignty
- broken promises
- (not enough resources, could not return home after two years, could not remain in one community and were not supplied adequate resources and shelter)
67
Sixties Scoop
- Indigenous children taken from home
- gov't said it was under-resourced and managed
- gov't should have done more to help the community instead
- mental health and loss of identity
68
Africhville
- a black community that was destroyed
- not supplied with the garbage disposal, clean water, and sewage
- dismantled support structures
- hard to adapt to new lives
- gov't took away the dignity
69
Lester B Pearson
- Nobel Peace prize
| - wanting to solve the Suez Canal crisis
70
Pierre Trudeau
- PM during the Cold war and October Crisis
71
Viola Desmond
- black women who was not allowed to sit in the theatre
- sat anyways
- arrested
72
Tommy Douglas
- creator of insulin
73
Igor Gozenko
- leaked documents from the Soviet Union spy ring
| - started the cold war
74
BCAPT
- The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan was a system where Britain airmen could come and train in Canada from 1939-1945
- The plan cost Canada 1.6 billion dollars
- Canada had a large capacity to manufacture aircraft; more free land and Canadian industries
- had easy access to the U.S for market aircraft parts
