History Facts Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
The original inhabitants of this continent:
A
Native Americans
2
Q
The Viking credited as the first European to visit North America in 1000 AD: What did he name it?
A
Leif Ericson (Eriksson), Vineland (Newfoundland)
3
Q
King of Portugal who suggested it was possible to sail around Africa:
A
Henry the Navigator
4
Q
Financed Columbus’s first voyage:
A
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain
5
Q
European credited with the discovery of America:
A
Christopher Columbus
6
Q
English sailor who discovered Cape Cod:
A
John Cabot
7
Q
First European to reach India by sea:
A
Vasco da Gama
8
Q
Explorer after whom our continent is named:
A
Amerigo Vespucci
9
Q
Leader of the first expedition to circle the globe:
A
Ferdinand Magellan
10
Q
French sailor who discovered the St. Lawrence River:
A
Jacques Cartier
11
Q
Oldest city in the mainland of the United States:
A
St. Augustine, Florida
12
Q
First English sailor to circle the globe:
A
Sir Francis Drake
13
Q
First English colony in America, which disappeared: Who established the colony?
A
Roanoke, Sir Walter Raleigh
14
Q
First lasting English colony:
A
Jamestown
15
Q
Head of the colony in Jamestown:
A
Captain John Smith
16
Q
First form of the representative government in America, established in Virginia:
A
The House of Burgesses
17
Q
Englishmen who desired a plainer and purer religion:
A
Puritans
18
Q
Puritans that left the Anglican Church altogether:
A
Separatists
19
Q
Separatists that sailed to the new land:
A
Pilgrims
20
Q
The agreement that established a form of government for the Pilgrims:
A
Mayflower Compact
21
Q
Native Americans who aided the Pilgrims:
A
Samoset and Squanto
22
Q
Law that forbade colonists from building boats and required all goods to be carried on English ships:
A
the Navigation Act
23
Q
Protector of England who established the Navigation Act:
A
Oliver Cromwell
24
Q
Land purchased by the Dutch man Minuit for about twenty-four dollars’ worth of trinkets:
A
Manhattan Island
25
Land granted to William Penn:
Pennsylvania
26
Borderline separating Pennsylvania and Maryland:
Mason-Dixon Line
27
Short civil war in Virginia during which Jamestown was seized:
Bacon's Rebellion
28
War Between France and England In America:
In Europe:
the French and Indian War
the Seven Years' War
29
General who captured Quebec:
James Wolfe
30
Document that signified the end of the French and Indian War:
The Treaty of Paris
31
Chief frustration of American colonists:
taxation without representation
32
Five causes of the Revolutionary War:
1. trade and navigation laws
2. Stamp Act
3. Townshend Acts
4. Boston Massacre
5. the Five Intolerable Acts
33
Event in Boston during which British soldiers opened fire on unarmed colonists:
Boston Massacre
34
Event during which Americans dressed as natives and dumped tea in the harbor:
Boston Tea Party
35
First time delegates from all the colonies met to discuss the rights of American colonists:
First Continental Congress
36
Volunteer soldiers ready at a moment's notice:
minutemen
37
Riders sent to warn Charlestown and Lexington of the coming British army:
Paul Revere and William Dawes
38
First battles of the Revolutionary War:
Lexington and Concord
39
R. W. Emerson describes the first battle as:
"the shot heard round the world"
40
Commander-in-chief of the Continental Army:
George Washington
41
Revolutionary battle lost by Americans but considered a victory:
Battle of Bunker Hill
42
General at Bunker Hill:
William Prescott
43
Father of the Declaration of Independence:
Thomas Jefferson
44
President of Congress that accepted the Declaration:
John Hancock
45
The young American patriot who was hanged as a spy by the British:
Nathan Hale
46
Event during which Washington surprised and captured the Hessians:
crossing of the Delaware
47
French nobleman who served in the American army:
Marquis de Lafayette
48
Battle that was the turning point for the Revolutionary War:
Saratoga
49
American naval officer who did great damage to the British navy during the Revolutionary War:
John Paul Jones
50
Traitor who plotted to give up the fort at West Point:
Benedict Arnold
51
Final battle of the Revolutionary War:
Yorktown
52
British general forced to surrender at Yorktown:
Cornwallis
53
Document that signified the official end of the Revolutionary War:
Second Treaty of Paris
54
Name the thirteen original colonies:
1. Virginia, 2. Massachusetts, 3. New Hampshire, 4. New York, 5. Maryland, 6. Connecticut, 7. Rhode Island, 8. North Carolina, 9. South Carolina, 10. New Jersey, 11. Pennsylvania, 12. Delaware, 13. Georgia
55
Document that established a central government for the United States:
the Articles of Confederation
56
Revolt that demonstrated the need for a stronger central government:
Shays' Rebellion
57
Framework for the government of the United States:
the Constitution
58
Father of the Constitution:
James Madison
59
Three branches of American government established by the Constitution:
1. Law-making branch:
Head of the law-making branch:
Two bodies of the head of the law-making branch:
Legislative
Congress
House of Representatives and the Senate
60
2. Law-enforcing branch:
Head of the law-enforcing branch:
Executive
President
61
3.Law-interpreting branch:
Head of the law-interpreting branch:
Head of the head of the law interpreting branch:
Judicial
Supreme Court
Chief Justice
62
First president of the United States:
George Washington
63
First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court:
John Jay
64
Inventor of the cotton gin:
Eli Whitney
65
United States national motto and meaning:
E pluribus unum - One out of many
66
Land purchased by Jefferson from Emperor Napoleon:
Louisiana Purchase
67
Men hired by Jefferson to explore the new territory:
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark
68
Inventor of the first steamboat:
Robert Fulton
69
Native chief who led war against settlers in the Indiana Territory:
Tecumseh
70
Governor of the Indiana Territory who defeated the feared Native chief:
William Henry Harrison
71
War fought to free American trade and earn the respect of other nations:
War of 1812
72
Famous American naval officers who fought in the War of 1812:
Captain James Lawrence and Oliver H. Perry
73
Wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner" while held captive on a British ship:
Francis Scott Key
74
Document that signified the end of the War of 1812:
Treaty of Ghent
75
Battle fought after the War of 1812 had ended:
Battle of New Orleans
76
American general at the Battle of New Oreleans:
Andrew Jackson
77
Foreign policy that forbade European countries from establishing colonies in North or South America and told them not to meddle in American affairs:
the Monroe Doctrine
78
Law that inducted Maine into the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state and said the no slavery will be allowed in the Louisiana Territory above the 36 30 parallel:
the Missouri Compromise
79
Law passed by South Carolina in reaction to Congress' attempt to place a high tariff on foreign goods:
the Nullification Act
80
Invention that changed modern agriculture:
McCormick Reaper
81
Those who opposed slavery:
abolitionists
82
Wrote the first dictionary in America:
Noah Webster
83
Inventor of the telegraph:
Samuel Morse
84
Battle during which one hundred fifty Texans fought a Mexican army of four thousand:
Battle of the Alamo
85
Name three heroes in the Battle of the Alamo:
Sam Houston, Davy Crockett, William Travis
86
War fought over the boundaries between Texas and Mexico:
the Mexican War
87
General of the Mexican army:
Santa Anna
88
American general who defeated Santa Anna:
Zachary Taylor
89
American general who captured Mexico City:
Winfield Scott
90
American pioneer who conquered California:
John C. Fremont
91
Treaty that ended the Mexican War and gave the United States New Mexico and what was called Upper California:
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
92
Land purchased from Mexico in the West for building train routes to California:
the Gadsden Purchase
93
Massachusetts Senator known as one of the greatest orators in the history of the U.S.:
Daniel Webster
94
Movement of many settlers to California in hopes of becoming rich:
the Gold Rush
95
Bill that inducted California as a free state and allowed the Utah and New Mexico territories to choose whether or not they would be free or slave states:
the Compromise of 1850
96
System of secretly transporting slaves to Canada:
the Underground Railroad
97
Former slave who led over 300 slaves to freedom:
Harriet Tubman
98
Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin:
Harriet Beecher Stowe
99
Slave who appealed to the Supreme Court for his freedom:
Dred Scott
100
First state to secede from the Union:
South Carolina
101
Government established by the states that seceded from the Union:
Confederacy
102
President of the Confederacy:
Jefferson Davis
103
States in the Confederacy:
1. South Carolina, 2. Mississippi, 3. Florida, 4. Alabama, 5. Georgia, 6. Louisiana, 7. Texas, 8. Arkansas, 9. North Carolina, 10. Virginia, 11. Tennessee
104
Location of the first shot fired in the Civil War:
Fort Sumter
105
Confederate ironclad ship that wrought havoc on the Union fleet:
Merrimac
106
Union ironclad that defeated the Confederate ironclad:
Monitor
107
Act of President Lincoln that declared all slaves free in the Confederate States:
Emancipation Proclamation
108
Battle that changed the course of the Civil War:
Battle of Gettysburg
109
Commander-in-chief of the Union Army:
Ulysses S. Grant
110
Union general who captured and burned Atlanta:
William T. (Tecumseh) Sherman
111
Place where Lee surrendered to Grant;
Appomattox Courthouse
112
Actor who assassinated President Lincoln:
John Wilkes Booth
113
Men from the North who took office in the South without having land in the South:
Men who were willing to vote for anyone who paid them:
carpetbaggers
scalawags
114
General who fought the Sioux at Big Horn:
George A. Custer
115
Inventor of the telephone:
Alexander Graham Bell
116
Gift France presented to the U.S. during the presidency of Grover Cleveland:
Statue of Liberty
117
Event that led America declaring war with Spain:
explosion of the Maine
118
War that forced Spain to give up all control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines:
Spanish-American War
119
The original name given to WW1:
The Great War
120
Archduke of Austria-Hungary killed by a Serbian revolutionary:
Franz Ferdinand
121
Two Competing forces in WW1:
Allies:
Central Powers:
Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia, China, Greece, Japan, Belgium, Italy (from 1915), and United States (from 1917)
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire
122
President during WW1:
Woodrow Wilson
123
The right of women to vote:
women's suffrage
124
The three men who met together to draft the peace treaty after WW1 and the countries they represented:
Woodrow Wilson - United States
David Lloyd George - Great Britain
Georges Clemenceau - France
125
Harsh document drafted at the peace conference after WW1:
The Versailles Peace Settlement/Treaty of Versailles
126
Wilson's idea for sustained world peace:
The League of Nations
127
Event that bankrupted the American economy, culminating in Black Tuesday:
the Stock Market Crash of 1929
128
Era of hardship initiated by the crash of the stock market:
The Great Depression
129
President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Federal aid programs, begun as an answer to the Great Depression:
the New Deal
130
Axis dictators at the beginning of WW2:
1. Soviet Union: 2. Italy: 3. Japan: 4. Germany:
1. Joseph Stalin, 2. Benito Mussolini, 3. Emperor Hirohito, 4. Adolf Hitler
131
National Socialist German Workers' Party:
Nazi Party (Nazis)
132
Event that started WW2:
Nazi invasion of Poland
133
Event that led America to join WW2:
the bombing of Pearl Harbor
134
President Roosevelt described the attack on Pearl Harbor as:
"a date which will live in infamy"
135
Two competing forces in WW2:
1. Allies:
2. Axis Powers:
1. Great Britain (including Canada and India), China, France, Soviet Union (form 1941), United States (from 1941)
2. Germany, Italy, Japan, Soviet Union (until 1941)
136
Systematic massacre of European Jews by the Nazis:
the Holocaust
137
British prime minister who refused to give in to Nazi attacks during WW2:
Winston Churchill
138
The largest land assault during WW2, also called D-Day:
the storming of Normandy
139
American general and commander of the Allied forces who organized D-Day:
Dwight D. Eisenhower
140
Top secret project intended to create an atomic bomb:
American scientist in charge of the project:
the Manhattan Project
J. Robert Oppenheimer
141
Two Japanese cities destroyed by the first atomic bombs:
Hiroshima and nagasaki
142
Organization of nations created to keep the peace after WW2:
the United Nations (UN)
143
Plan to use U.S. money to fund the reconstruction of Western Europe:
the Marshall Plan
144
War fought against the Soviet Union's attempt to expand their influence south of the 38th parallel:
the Korean War
145
Longstanding conflict between the spread of communism by the Soviet Union and the sustaining of democracy:
the Cold War
146
First astronauts to set foot on the moon:
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
147
Event during Cold War in which the United States and the Soviet Union almost engaged in nuclear war:
the Cuban Missile Crisis
148
President who fought to put America ahead in the "Space Race" and was assassinated while in Texas:
John F. Kennedy
149
Laws in America that enforced the segregation of races:
Jim Crow Laws
150
The movement of protest in America against the unjust laws of segregation:
Civil Rights Movement
151
African American woman arrested for occupying a white man's bus seat:
Rosa Parks
152
Minister who led the Civil Rights Movement through non-violent protest:
Martin Luther King, Jr.
153
The second major conflict fought during the Cold War:
the Vietnam War
154
Event that demonstrated the end of communist rule in Europe and signified the end of the Cold War:
the fall of the Berlin Wall
